Glossary Terms for Midterm Flashcards
Adjuvant
enhances the effectiveness of medical treatment and modifies the effects of other agents.
ex. adjuvant may be added to a vaccine to boost the immune response
Cannula
A cannula is commonly called an intravenous (IV) cannula. It is a flexible tube that is inserted generally into the hand or arm. It can either be used to put substances (fluids, medications, ect.) directly into the blood stream, or used to withdraw blood.
Fenestrated drape
A fenestrated drape is a sterile body sheet with a hole, window or opening that allows access to the incision site for operation. The fenestrated drape is positioned after the other drapes and towels have been placed in preparation for the procedure.
Fenestrated drape purpose
The purpose of the drape is to help the patient avoid cross-infection during the operation and to provide a distinctive barrier to bacterial contamination. It has an advanced antimicrobial property that helps to diminish the growth and migration of microorganisms on the skin during surgical procedures. This results in a decreased risk of surgical site infection. It also dramatically reduces the occurrence of contamination because of it’s improved seal integrity.
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP):
Plasma that has been configured, separated from whole blood and frozen solid at -18 degrees within 6 hours of collection. It contains all the coagulation factors, and can be used prior to invasive procedures to assist in coagulation (management of bleeding risks).
Gauge
A device or an instrument that is used in various procedures for the measuring of the contents, magnitude or amount of something. A gauge also usually goes with a display of this desired information.
Hematoma
Localized swelling that is filled with blood caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel. Can occur spontaneously or by trauma. Blood is usually clotted or partially clotted.
Hub
The expanded portion of a hollow needle that serves as a handle for manipulation and as a site of attachment for a syringe, infusion tube, or some other appliance
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
Standardized measure of blood and its ability to clot. The ratio is based on each individual personal prothrombin time to the normal mean of prothrombin time. It is used to help monitor the risk of bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.
What’s the normal range of INR
Normal range for INR is 0.8-1.2 The higher the number, the longer it takes for your blood to clot.
Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic. It works by blocking nerve signals in your body.
Lidocaine injection is used to numb an area of your body to help reduce pain or discomfort caused by invasive medical procedures such as surgeries, needle punctures, or insertion of a catheter or breathing tube.
Epinephrine, a vasopressor, is added to the anesthetic to increase its effectiveness and to keep the anesthetic effect from spreading to other areas of the body.
Morbidity
describes illness, impairement of degradation of health
medical problems caused by a treatment of IV procedure
any physical or psychological state considered to be outside of the normal
does not mean immediate lie threatening, but over time can affect mortality
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT):
PTT is a blood test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot
This test is done to find a reason for unusual bleeding/bruising, check the liver function, precautionary measures prior to a surgical procedure, other clotting conditions, etc.
Normal range of PTT
25-35s
What’s the normal platelet range
150000-450000/mL of blood
What % of lidocaine do we use
1%
9cc lidocaine, 1cc sodium bicarb (saline). True or false
True
Why do we use sodium bicarb
to take away sting
Why do we use epinephrine
reduces bleeding and can extend the numbing for up to 3hrs
Random biopsies are _______.
diffuse
Platelets
also called thrombocytes, are fragments of larger cells made in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes
Platelets help the blood heal wounds and prevent excessive bleeding. They work by circulating within our blood and bind together when they recognize damaged blood vessels and cause a blood clot.
Spontaneous bleeding may occur with low counts of platelets. How much
10,000 to 20,000 per mcL
Vasovagal
the vasovagal response is the development of inappropriate cardiac slowing and arteriolar dilatation due to stimulation of autonomic nervous system
Vitamin K
a group of compounds that play a key role in helping the blood to clot which will prevent excessive bleeding. K1 for example can be obtained from leafy greens and other vegetables and K2 from meats, eggs and cheeses. Since vitamin K is important for the blood to clot, low levels raise the risk of uncontrolled bleeding. Deficiencies can be associated with Crohn’s disease of celiac disease.
Why should we know about VitK in IV sonography
if we know our patient has a deficiency or is at risk of a deficiency, the doctor may think about getting this under control before undergoing the procedure as to not pose a threat for excessive bleeding. Vitamin K can be used to counteract blood thinners, so if a patient is on blood thinners, they could possibly take this vitamin before the procedure
Warfarin
Warfarin is an anticoagulant drug (aka Coumarin, Panwarfin and Sofarin) which is used to prevent blood from clotting. It is commonly used to prevent blood clots and reducing the risk of strokes, heart attacks and pulmonary embolisms. It does so by inhibiting the production of prothrombin by vitamin K
