Glossary Terms for Midterm

Question 1

Adjuvant

Answer 1

enhances the effectiveness of medical treatment and modifies the effects of other agents.
ex. adjuvant may be added to a vaccine to boost the immune response

Question 2

Cannula

Answer 2

A cannula is commonly called an intravenous (IV) cannula. It is a flexible tube that is inserted generally into the hand or arm. It can either be used to put substances (fluids, medications, ect.) directly into the blood stream, or used to withdraw blood.

Question 3

Fenestrated drape

Answer 3

A fenestrated drape is a sterile body sheet with a hole, window or opening that allows access to the incision site for operation. The fenestrated drape is positioned after the other drapes and towels have been placed in preparation for the procedure.

Question 4

Fenestrated drape purpose

Answer 4

The purpose of the drape is to help the patient avoid cross-infection during the operation and to provide a distinctive barrier to bacterial contamination. It has an advanced antimicrobial property that helps to diminish the growth and migration of microorganisms on the skin during surgical procedures. This results in a decreased risk of surgical site infection. It also dramatically reduces the occurrence of contamination because of it’s improved seal integrity.

Question 5

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP):

Answer 5

Plasma that has been configured, separated from whole blood and frozen solid at -18 degrees within 6 hours of collection. It contains all the coagulation factors, and can be used prior to invasive procedures to assist in coagulation (management of bleeding risks).

Question 6

Gauge

Answer 6

A device or an instrument that is used in various procedures for the measuring of the contents, magnitude or amount of something. A gauge also usually goes with a display of this desired information.

Question 7

Hematoma

Answer 7

Localized swelling that is filled with blood caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel. Can occur spontaneously or by trauma. Blood is usually clotted or partially clotted.

Question 8

Hub

Answer 8

The expanded portion of a hollow needle that serves as a handle for manipulation and as a site of attachment for a syringe, infusion tube, or some other appliance

Question 9

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

Answer 9

Standardized measure of blood and its ability to clot. The ratio is based on each individual personal prothrombin time to the normal mean of prothrombin time. It is used to help monitor the risk of bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.

Question 10

What’s the normal range of INR

Answer 10

Normal range for INR is 0.8-1.2 The higher the number, the longer it takes for your blood to clot.

Question 11

Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine

Answer 11

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic. It works by blocking nerve signals in your body.

Lidocaine injection is used to numb an area of your body to help reduce pain or discomfort caused by invasive medical procedures such as surgeries, needle punctures, or insertion of a catheter or breathing tube.

Epinephrine, a vasopressor, is added to the anesthetic to increase its effectiveness and to keep the anesthetic effect from spreading to other areas of the body.

Question 12

Morbidity

Answer 12

describes illness, impairement of degradation of health
medical problems caused by a treatment of IV procedure
any physical or psychological state considered to be outside of the normal
does not mean immediate lie threatening, but over time can affect mortality

Question 13

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT):

Answer 13

PTT is a blood test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot
This test is done to find a reason for unusual bleeding/bruising, check the liver function, precautionary measures prior to a surgical procedure, other clotting conditions, etc.

Question 14

Normal range of PTT

Answer 14

25-35s

Question 15

What’s the normal platelet range

Answer 15

150000-450000/mL of blood

Question 16

What % of lidocaine do we use

Answer 16

1%

Question 17

9cc lidocaine, 1cc sodium bicarb (saline). True or false

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Why do we use sodium bicarb

Answer 18

to take away sting

Question 19

Why do we use epinephrine

Answer 19

reduces bleeding and can extend the numbing for up to 3hrs

Question 20

Random biopsies are _______.

Answer 20

diffuse

Question 21

Platelets

Answer 21

also called thrombocytes, are fragments of larger cells made in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes
Platelets help the blood heal wounds and prevent excessive bleeding. They work by circulating within our blood and bind together when they recognize damaged blood vessels and cause a blood clot.

Question 22

Spontaneous bleeding may occur with low counts of platelets. How much

Answer 22

10,000 to 20,000 per mcL

Question 23

Vasovagal

Answer 23

the vasovagal response is the development of inappropriate cardiac slowing and arteriolar dilatation due to stimulation of autonomic nervous system

Question 24

Vitamin K

Answer 24

a group of compounds that play a key role in helping the blood to clot which will prevent excessive bleeding. K1 for example can be obtained from leafy greens and other vegetables and K2 from meats, eggs and cheeses. Since vitamin K is important for the blood to clot, low levels raise the risk of uncontrolled bleeding. Deficiencies can be associated with Crohn’s disease of celiac disease.

Question 25

Why should we know about VitK in IV sonography

Answer 25

if we know our patient has a deficiency or is at risk of a deficiency, the doctor may think about getting this under control before undergoing the procedure as to not pose a threat for excessive bleeding. Vitamin K can be used to counteract blood thinners, so if a patient is on blood thinners, they could possibly take this vitamin before the procedure

Question 26

Warfarin

Answer 26

Warfarin is an anticoagulant drug (aka Coumarin, Panwarfin and Sofarin) which is used to prevent blood from clotting. It is commonly used to prevent blood clots and reducing the risk of strokes, heart attacks and pulmonary embolisms. It does so by inhibiting the production of prothrombin by vitamin K