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CWS glossary > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Edelfäule

A

German for Botrytis or noble rot

“Ed el foy luh”

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2
Q

Einzellage

A

A single officially designated vineyard

“Ein zell law gay”

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3
Q

En primeur

A

The system of selling wine as futures

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4
Q

Erste lage

A

VDP term, first site in German, compared to premier cru in burgundy “airstuh lahguh”

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5
Q

Erzeugerabfüllung

A

German for producer bottled

“Ahzoyguh ahb fahloong”

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6
Q

Estufa

A

A hot warehouse used for storage in the production of Madeira . Portuguese

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7
Q

Ethyl acetate

A

Ester formed from ethanol and acetic acid , odor of fingernail polish remover

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8
Q

Feinherb

A

German , off dry

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9
Q

Fining

A

Clarification technique using non reactives gelatin or bentonite clay to draw out suspended and charged particles from the wine

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10
Q

Flor

A

Floating yeast film associated with sw Spain and fino sherry

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11
Q

Frizzante

A

Italian slightly sparkling

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12
Q

Fruit set

A

Transition of fertilized grapevine flowers into grapes

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13
Q

Galet

A

Large round stones usually found in southern Rhône, retain heat and moisture , chateaneuf du pape

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14
Q

Grand cru

A

Great growth, highest classification level in burgundy and champagne and a superior appellation in St-Émilion and Alsace

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15
Q

Grappa

A

Italian spirit distilled from pomace or the leftovers of wine making

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16
Q

Grosse lage

A

German, VDP term , Great site, like grand cru in burgundy

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17
Q

Gutsabfüllung

A

Estate bottled

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18
Q

Gutswein

A

VDP term, estate wine compared to Bourgogne régional

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19
Q

Halbsüss

A

Half sweet

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20
Q

Halbtrocken

A

Half dry or off dry

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21
Q

Hectare

A

Metric unit of area =2.47 acres

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22
Q

Hydrogen sulfide

A

Odor of rotten eggs from gas formed by sulfur compounds in the absence of oxygen

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23
Q

Indicazione geografica tipica IGT

A

Higher category of basic Italian wine from a PGI protected geographical indication

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24
Q

Jeroboam

A

3 liters bottle of sparkling wine or 4 bottles

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25
Q

Kabinett

A

German , wine from minimally ripe grapes

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26
Q

Kimmeridgian marl

A

Clay or limestone soil from extinct seabed of the Jurassic era, eastern Loire, Champagne, Chablis

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27
Q

Klosterneuburger mostwaage KMW

A

Austrian measure of sugar in grapes or juice

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28
Q

Lagar

A

Trough made of granite or concrete used for treading grapes and fermentation in the Portuguese Douro wine region

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29
Q

Lees

A

Sediment of dead yeast cells and grape solids

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30
Q

Lieblich

A

Half sweet

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31
Q

Liqueur de tirage

A

Yeast/sugar mixture added to base wine to start 2nd fermentation and create sparkling wine

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32
Q

Maceration

A

Soaking grape skins in juice to extract color, tannins, phenolics. Can occur before, during , or after fermentation

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33
Q

Maderization

A

Heat and oxidation to wine

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34
Q

Malolactic fermentation

A

Conversion of Malic acid to lactic acid reducing the wines acidity and altering the flavor , creates buttery with Chardonnay

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35
Q

Marc (3 definitions)

A

Grape pomace , a spirit distilled from grape pomace , a measure of grape quantity in Champagne 4,000 kg

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36
Q

Mercaptan

A

Sulfurous compound wine fault , like onions garlic cabbage odor

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37
Q

Methuselah

A

6 liter sparkling wine bottle or 8 bottles

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38
Q

Mevushal

A

Flash pasteurized kosher wine that is permanently kosher

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39
Q

Millerandage

A

Abnormal fruit set , high proportion of small bunches of seedless berries mixed with normal

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40
Q

Millésime

A

Vintage dated “meelayzeem”

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41
Q

Mistelle

A

Sweet fortified French wine made by adding grape spirits to grape must before or during fermentation, a type of vin de liqueur

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42
Q

Mousse

A

Foam developed on top of fermenting wine or the bubbles in sparkling wine

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43
Q

Muselet

A

Wire cage over the cork of sparkling wine

“Myuzelay”

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44
Q

Must weight

A

Density or specific gravity of juice equates to sugar content and therefore potential alcohol .
Measures of must wt:

Brix scale
Baumé sometimes used in France
Oechsle Germany
KMW Austria

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45
Q

Mutage

A

Stopping fermentation via distilled spirits or sulfur dioxide

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46
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

15 liter sparkling wine bottle , 20 bottles

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47
Q

Oechsle

A

German measure of sugar in grapes or must

“Uck sluh”

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48
Q

Oenophile

A

“Ēnofile” lover of wine

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49
Q

Off dry

A

Small perceptible amount of sugar

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50
Q

Oidium

A

Powdery mildew

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51
Q

Ortswein

A

“Classified site wine “ VDP term compared to village wine classification of Burgundy

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52
Q

Oxidized

A

Stale, flat aroma and flavor

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53
Q

Peronospora

A

Plant pathogen causing Downy mildew disease

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54
Q

Pétillant

A

Slightly sparkling

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55
Q

Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae)

A

One of the most serious pests in viticulture , a root louse that’s sucks sap from grapevines

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56
Q

Piccolo

A

Small Italian bottle 187.5 milliliters, 1/4 bottle

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57
Q

Pierce’s disease

A

Plant pathogen caused by insect spread of bacteria , glassy-winged. Sharpshooter

58
Q

Pipe

A

Portuguese oak barrel used in port production

59
Q

Pomace

A

The residue left after grapes are pressed consisting of skins seeds stems and other solids

60
Q

Pourriture noble

A

“Noble rot” botrytis

“Pooh ree toor no bluh “

61
Q

Oidium

A

Or powdery mildew , serious fungal disease of grapevines

62
Q

Prädikat

A

One of the subdivisions used to categorize Prädikatswein based on sugar level at harvest

63
Q

Prädikatswein

A

The highest category of wine in Germany and Austria from a PDO protected designation of origin .

64
Q

Premier cru

A

“First growth” the highest classification level in Bordeaux

2nd highest in Burgundy and Champagne

65
Q

PDO

A

Protected designation of origin , category of officially recognized quality wine regions throughout the EU

66
Q

PGI

A

Protected geographical indication , category of officially recognized wine regions below the quality wine level throughout the EU

67
Q

Pupitre

A

Wooden rack used to hold sparkling wine during riddling

68
Q

Qualitätswein

A

PDO classification, the 2nd highest category of wine in Germany

69
Q

QWPSR

A

Quality wine produced in a specified region , formerly the legal category of officially recognized quality wine regions in the EU, replaced by PDO

70
Q

Quinta

A

Portuguese wine estate

71
Q

Racking

A

Clarification process, moving wine from one vessel (tank barrel) to another to separate wine from sediment

72
Q

Rebêche

A

Powerful pressing to extract the juice closest to the skins or pips, Champagne

73
Q

Recioto

A

Italian style sweet wine made from dried grapes

74
Q

Rehoboam

A

4.5 liter bottle of sparkling wine , 6 bottles

75
Q

Remuage

A

Riddling , French

76
Q

Reserva

A

Spanish DO and DOCa wines that have gone through moderate (barrel or bottle) aging defined by the areas council. Also Argentinian vinos finos that have a period of aging.

77
Q

Riddling

A

Shaking and repositioning bottles of sparkling wine to move dead yeast cells to the neck of the bottle for disgorging

78
Q

Ripasso

A

Wine made from Amarone or recioto pomace (leftovers)

79
Q

Red in Italian, German , French, Spanish

A

Rosso, Rot, Rouge, Tinto

80
Q

What is the species of yeast most widely used in winemaking

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

81
Q

Saignée

A

“Bled” juice run off from batch of macerating or fermenting must usually used in rosé production but also for deeply hued reds

82
Q

Salmanazar

A

9 liter bottle of sparkling wine, 12 bottles

83
Q

Schaumwein

A

Aerated sparkling wine produced via carbonation. German

84
Q

Schilfwein

A

Austrian term for wine produced from grapes dried post harvest

85
Q

Scion

A

Portion of a grafted grapevine that produces shoots, leaves and fruit

86
Q

Sec

A

Dry also sparkling wine category that is moderately sweet

87
Q

Secco

A

Dry. Italian

88
Q

Seco

A

Dry. Spanish

89
Q

Primary aromas

A

Derived from grapes

90
Q

Secondary aromas

A

Aromas derived from the winemaking process

91
Q

Sekt

A

Sparking wine produced using the tank method. German

92
Q

Sélection de grains nobles

A

A wine made from selected grapes affected by Botrytis

93
Q

Solera

A

System of aging and fractional blending usually used for Sherry, also the lowest (oldest) set of barrels in a solera system

94
Q

Spätlese

A

Category of the Prädikat that represents wine made from ripe bunches of grapes

95
Q

Split

A

Aka piccolo, 187.5ml

96
Q

Spumante

A

Fully sparkling . Italian

97
Q

Strohwine

A

Austrian term denoting wine produced from dried grapes post harvest . See also schilfwein

98
Q

Sur lie

A

“On the lees” wine that has extended contact with dead yeast cells

99
Q

Sur pointe

A

Upside-down vertical positioning of a bottle sometimes used in the riddling of sparkling wine

100
Q

Süss

A

Sweet. German

101
Q

Süssreserve

A

Grape juice held in reserve to be added to wine as a sweetening agent after fermentation

102
Q

Taille

A

In champagne production, fractions of juice from specific pressings

103
Q

What is the most common acid in grapes and wine ?

A

Tartaric acid

104
Q

Tartrate

A

Crystalline compound formed when wine contains more tartaric acid than it can retain in a dissolved state

105
Q

What is the primary chemical responsible for cork taint ?

A

TCA, 2,4,6 trichloroanisole

106
Q

Teinturier

A

Red grape whose skin and flesh is dark or red , usually flesh is clear

107
Q

Tertiary aromas

A

Evolve in a wine after fermentation and aging aka bouquet

108
Q

Tête de cuvée

A

The finest sparkling wine made by a given winery

109
Q

Three tier system

A

US regulatory system that requires separation among businesses involved in making, distributing , and retailing wine . The state of Washington is the only one with no form of the 3 tier system

110
Q

Tirage

A

French. Bottling

111
Q

Transfer method

A

Sparkling wine traditional method through 2nd fermentation and lees aging but then begins clarification stage with the wine emptied into a pressurized tank.

112
Q

Trocken

A

German. Dry

113
Q

Trockenbeerenauslese

A

TBA , prÄdikat category of very sweet wines harvested from extremely overripe berries often affected by botrytis

114
Q

Vendage

A

French. The grape harvest

115
Q

Vendage tardive

A

“Late harvest”

116
Q

Vendemmia

A

The grape harvest Italian

117
Q

Vendimia

A

The harvest Spanish

118
Q

Veraison

A

When colors (other than green) first appear in the grapes and they begin to enlarge and soften

119
Q

VDP

A

Verband deutscher Prädikatsweingüter: the organization of Germany’s leading wine estates.

120
Q

Vin de France

A

Basic wine , table wine from French grapes

121
Q

Vin de pays

A

Country wine , the higher category of basic wine in France from a PGI (protected geographical indication)

122
Q

Vin doux naturel

A

A sweet fortified wine made by adding grape spirits to partially fermented grape must

123
Q

Vinho regional

A

The higher category of basic wine In Portugal from a PGI (protected geographical indication)

124
Q

What species of wine grape native to the Middle East and Europe is used to produce most quality wine?

A

Vitis vinifera

125
Q

VCIG

A

Vino de calidad con indicación geográfica. One of the subcategories of quality wine used in Spanish , a PDO protected designation of origin

126
Q

VdIT

A

Vino de la tierra, “country wine” the higher category of basic wine from Spain from a PGI (protected geographical indication)

127
Q

Vino de pago

A

“Estate wine” a PDO level wine category granted to individual wine estates of distinction

128
Q

Weiss

A

German. White

129
Q

How many DOCGs are in Veneto? Name them.

A 
14:
Amarone Della Valpolicella 
Asolo Prosecco 
Bagnoli Friularo 
Bardolino Superiore
Colli di Conegliano 
Colli Euganei Fior d’Arancio
Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco
Lison 
Montello Rosso
Piave Malanotte
Recioto della Valpolicella 
Recioto di Gambellara 
Recioto di Soave
Soave Superiore
130
Q

What countries make up the Iberian peninsula?

A

Andorra , Spain , Portugal

131
Q

Name the top 4 countries wine production

A

France
Italy
Spain
United States

132
Q

Name the top 4 wine producing states in the US

A

California
Washington
New York State
Oregon

133
Q

What amendment is prohibition

A

18th amendment

134
Q

What amendment repealed prohibition

A

The 21st amendment

135
Q

What 2 wines were responsible for the vinous shot heard round the world and where was it

A

The Paris tasting of 1976. Won by

1973 stags leap wine cellars Cabernet Sauvignon

1973 chateau montelena Chardonnay

136
Q

Describe the 3 tier system of the US

A

1) producers or suppliers
2) distributors or wholesalers
3) retailers (both on premise and off premise)

137
Q

Name 6 Native American grapes

A 
DCCNNS 
Delaware 
Concord 
Catawba 
Niagara 
Norton 
Scuppernong
138
Q

What are used to warm vineyards in case of freeze

A

Smudge pots

139
Q

Ascensence

A

Wine fault when acetic acid is accompanied by ethyl acetate

140
Q

Teinturier

A

Tine -too-ree -ay

Red grape variety that has red skin and red flesh

141
Q

What do the French and Germans call botrytis respectively

A

Pourriture noble

Edelfäule

142
Q

What organization certified a vineyard as biodynamic?

A

Demeter international

CWS glossary (46 decks)

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