Glossary - 76 &77

Question 1

Acronym

Answer 1

A word formed by the first letters of other words that make up the name of something

Question 2

Activist

Answer 2

A person who is very passionate about a certain issue or problem in society; they are involved in highlighting the issue, protesting against it and bringing about positive change.

Question 3

Anticipated movement

Answer 3

When a three dimensional object or the subject matter in a composition looks like it is going to move by its pose or position then, as humans we complete the movement in our minds.

Question 4

Apartheid

Answer 4

A South African political and social regime which discriminated against “non-white” people; led by the National Party; began in 1948 and ended in 1994.

Question 5

Associations

Answer 5

When people subconsciously connect things with other things, or assume that there is a relationship between them; when something suggests an idea or jogs a memory that is seemingly unrelated.

Question 6

Chandelier

Answer 6

A large, round, decorative light fitting which has branches that hold the light or candles

Question 7

Chiaroscuro

Answer 7

A tonal effect where there is a direct contrast between light and dark areas, creating a dramatic effect.

Question 8

Closed composition

Answer 8

An image where the subject matter and compositional elements fit inside the space, nothing is cut off by boundary the of the format.

Question 9

Composition

Answer 9

Describes the arrangement and placement of elements and imagery within the format of the design

Question 10

Conceptual

Answer 10

Visually communicating abstract ideas and thoughts; the design speaks about things beyond the actual imagery or composition presented causing the viewer or consumer to engage with the design for a longer period of time

Question 11

Consumerism

Answer 11

The belief that it is good for people to buy a lot of things and use many services, spending large amounts of money in order to enjoy life.

Question 12

Couturier

Answer 12

A fashion designer who designs expensive, original clothing for wealthy clients, particularly women

Question 13

Critical thought

Answer 13

To approach something consciously looking for its faults and flaws; to constantly question the validity and success of something.

Question 14

Crystalline

Answer 14

A shape or form that is similar to the structure of a crystal

Question 15

Decadent

Answer 15

To have low morals and a love of pleasure rather than to take life seriously.

Question 16

Delineated

Answer 16

To be separated by clear edges or boundaries; easily definable shapes or forms

Question 17

Democracy

Answer 17

The belief system that sees all people as equal and that they should be treated fairly with respect and dignity

Question 18

Eclectic

Answer 18

To borrow from a wide variety of sources and styles, or to be influenced by them in some way.

Question 19

Economic Boom

Answer 19

When a country is doing extremely well economically and the country is flourishing financially; there is lots of money to spend and invest, businesses are growing and the rate of unemployment is lower.

Question 20

Exclusive

Answer 20

Elite, reserved for the few that can afford to buy these products and services, used as a status symbol

Question 21

Extravagant

Answer 21

To spend a lot of money or more than you can afford, to be excessive and “over the top”

Question 22

Global warming

Answer 22

The gradual increase of the earth’s average seasonal temperatures due to the excessive emissions of green house gases. These gases allow the sun’s rays and heat into the earth’s atmosphere yet block the heat from radiating back into space and so the temperature gradually increases causing climate change.

Question 23

Golden section

Answer 23

A constant ratio found in nature which determines the relationship of the parts to the whole object. The ratio is 0.618

Question 24

Hard-edged

Answer 24

Shapes and forms that have definite, crisp boundaries

Question 25

Insightful

Answer 25

To show a clear understanding of a person or situation; to grasp the truth about something

Question 26

Kinetic empathy

Answer 26

Where an object is depicted in an unstable pose and as humans we will expect it to move or fall over

Question 27

Less is more

Answer 27

A phrase invented by Mies van der Rohe to express the idea that a design is more successful and has more visual impact if it is stripped of all the unnecessary detail and ornamentation

Question 28

Mass

Answer 28

The weight of an object

Question 29

Metallic hues

Answer 29

Pure colours that have. shiny sheen to resemble the common metals like gold, silver, bronze and copper.

Question 30

Modelling

Answer 30

A sculptural technique where a soft material is shaped into the desired form using one’s hand or tools

Question 31

Motion blur

Answer 31

When photographs are taken of moving objects with a slow shutter speed so that the form appears to stretch or the edges become hazy

Question 32

National style

Answer 32

At times artists and designers working within the same country have created art and design that has similar characteristics

Question 33

‘Noble Savage’

Answer 33

A historically discriminatory European belief that “primitive” African people should be admired as they lived simple lives, using their hands to provide for themselves and living close to nature

Question 34

Open composition

Answer 34

A cropped composition in which the subject matter goes beyond the boundary of the picture plane

Question 35

Overlap

Answer 35

To places one thing in front of another so that it partially hides the object behind it

Question 36

Personal style

Answer 36

The individual way an artist or designer uses their equipment, skills and techniques to produce something that is uniquely their own

Question 37

Picture plane

Answer 37

The two dimensional surface of the format on which the composition is designed

Question 38

Plagiarism

Answer 38

To copy someone else’s ideas and pretend that they are your own without their prior consent; to steal someone else’s intellectual property illegally.

Question 39

Recessional space

Answer 39

The illusion of three-dimensional space that leads the viewer to the back of the picture plane

Question 40

Sfumato

Answer 40

A smoky, hazy effect used in the background to give an illusion of space

Question 41

Soft-edged

Answer 41

When the edges of the shapes/forms are blurred and undefined

Question 42

Stereotype

Answer 42

A generalisation or assumption made about a type of person that is not based on experience; generally disrespectful and discriminatory.

Question 43

Tenebrism

Answer 43

A tonal effect where the majority of the space is dark and only a few areas are brightly highlighted

Question 44

Value pattern

Answer 44

The visual effect created by the various areas of dark and light tones within an image

Question 45

Vivid colour

Answer 45

Bright, bold, luminous colour

Question 46

Volumetric

Answer 46

An object that takes up space; a three-dimensional object

Question 47

Whimsical

Answer 47

To be unusual, care free and vaguely humorous

Question 48

Witty

Answer 48

Clever, amusing, original and unique ideas.