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DRE School 2024 > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation Reflex

A

The adjustment of the eyes for viewing at various distances. Meaning the pupils will automatically constrict as objects move closer and dilate as objects move further away.

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2
Q

Addiction

A

Habitual, psychological, and physiological dependence on a substance beyond one’s voluntary control

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3
Q

Additive effect

A

Occurs when the drugs independently affect some indicator in the same way and their use in combination will also affect the indicator and the affect may be reinforced.

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4
Q

Alkaloid

A

A chemical that is found in, and can be physically extracted from, some substance. For example, morphine is a natural alkaloid of opium. It does not require chemical reaction to produce morphine from opium.

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5
Q

Analgesic

A

A drug that relieves or allay pain

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6
Q

Analog (of a drug)

A

A chemical that is very similar to the drug, both in terms of molecular structure and in terms of psychoactive effects. Example, the drug ketamine is an analog of PCP.

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7
Q

Anesthetic

A

A drug that produces a general or local and sensibility to paying in other sensations.

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8
Q

Antagonistic effect

A

Occurs when a drug causes an action and another drug causes an opposite action, the effect cannot be predicted.

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9
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An abnormal heart rhythm. 

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10
Q

Artery

A

The strong, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. 

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11
Q

Autonomic nerve

A

A motor nerve that carries the muscles and organs that we do not consciously control. There are two kinds of autonomic nerves, the sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.

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12
Q

Axon

A

The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that send out a neurotransmitter.

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13
Q

Bad trip

A

Hallucination where the user becomes panic stricken by what he/she is seeing or hearing, and maybe become uncontrollably, excited, or even try to flee from the terror.

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14
Q

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

A

The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood.

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15
Q

Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC)

A

The percentage of alcohol in a persons blood has measured by a breath testing device.

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16
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

A condition characterized by the alteration of manic and depressive states.

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17
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure changes continuously, as the heart cycles between contraction and expansion.

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18
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow heart rate

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19
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow rate of breathing

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20
Q

Bruxism

A

Grinding the teeth. This behavior is often seen in person who are under the influence of cocaine or other CNS stimulants.

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21
Q

Cannabis

A

This is the drug category that includes marijuana. Marijuana comes primarily from the leaves of certain species of cannabis plants that grow rightly all over the temperate zones of the earth. Hashish is another drug in this category and consist of decompressed leaves from female cannabis plants. The active ingredient in both marijuana and Hashish is a chemical called delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, usually abbreviated THC.

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22
Q

Carboxy THC

A

a metabolite of THC

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23
Q

Central Nervous system (CNS)

A

System within the body consisting of the brain, the brain, stem, and the spinal cord.

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24
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

Abnormal pattern of breathing. Marked by breathlessness and deep, fast breathing.

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25
Q

CNS Depressants

A

One of the seven drug categories. Seeing us depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, antianxiety, tranquilizers, and numerous other drugs.

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26
Q

CNS Stimulants

A

One of the seven drug categories. CNS stimulants include cocaine, the amphetamines, Ritalin, Desoxyn, and numerous other drugs

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27
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

An inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids caused by infection, allergy, or outside factors. Maybe bacterial or viral. Person suffering from conjunctivitis may show symptoms in one eye only. This condition is commonly referred to as “pink eye “a condition that could be mistaken for bloodshot eyes produced by alcohol or cannabis.

28
Q

Convergence

A

The “crossing” of the eyes that occurs a person is able to focus on a stimulus as it push slowly towards the bridge of their nose. (See, also, “lack of convergence”.)

29
Q

Crack/Rock

A

Cocaine base, appears as a hard chunk form, resembling pebbles, or small rocks. It produces a very intense, but relatively short duration “high“. 

30
Q

Curriculum Vitae (CV)

A

A written summary of a persons, education, training, experience, noteworthy, achievements, and other relative information about a particular topic.

31
Q

Cyclic Behavior

A

Manifestation of impairment due to certain drugs, in which the persons alternates between periods (or cycles) of intense agitation and relative calm. Cyclic behavior, for example, sometimes will be observed in person under the influence of PCP.

32
Q

Delirium

A

Bri day, characterized by incoherent, excitement, confused speech, restlessness, impossible, hallucinations.


33
Q

Dendrite

A

The part of an neuron (nerve cell) that receives a neurotransmitter. 

34
Q

Diabetes

A

A condition that can resolve an insulin shock (too much insulin) which may produce tremors, increase blood pressure, rapid, respiration, lack of coordination, headache, confusion, and seizures.

35
Q

Diacetyl Morphine

A

The chemical name for heroin

36
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

37
Q

Diastolic

A

The lowest value of blood pressure. The blood pressure reaches its diastolic value when the heart is fully expanded, or relaxed (diastole).

38
Q

Dissociative Anesthetics

A

One of the seven drug categories. Includes drugs, inhibits pain by cutting off or disassociate the brains perception of pain. PCP and analogues are considered disassociative aesthetics.

39
Q

Divided attention

A

Concentrating on more than one thing at a time. The four psychophysical test used by DRE required the suspect to divide their attention to remember the four test remember Mr. Wolf standing for modified Romberg, walk and turn, one leg stand, and finger to nose.

40
Q

Downside effect

A

And the fact that may occur when the body reacts to the presence of a drug by producing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed.

41
Q

Drug

A

Any substance that, when taking into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely

42
Q

Dysarthia

A

Slurred speech. Difficult, poor articulated speech

43
Q

Dysmetria

A

An abnormal condition that prevents the affected person from properly estimating distances linked to muscular movements.

44
Q

Dysphoria

A

A disorder of mood. Feelings of depression and anguish

45
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

46
Q

Endocrine system

A

The network of plans do not have ducks and other structures. They secrete hormones into the bloodstream to affect a number of functions in the body.

47
Q

Expert witness

A

A person skilled in some art, tray, science or profession, having knowledge of matters, not within the knowledge of persons of average education, learning, and experience, who may assist a jury and arriving at a verdict by expressing an opinion on a state of fact shown by the evidence and based upon his or her special knowledge. (Note: only the court can determine whether witnesses qualified to testify as an expert.)

48
Q

Flashback

A

A vivid recollection of of a portion of a hallucinogenic experience. Essentially, it is a very intense daydream. There are three types,m: 1) emotional, feeling of panic, fear, etc.
2) somatic altered body, sensations, tremors, dizziness, etc., and 3) perceptual distortions of vision, hearing, smell, etc..

49
Q

Gait ataxia

A

An unsteady, staggering gate in which walking is uncoordinated and appears to be “not ordered.“

50
Q

Garrulity

A

Chatter, rambling or pointless speech. Talkative.

51
Q

General indicator

A

Behavior observations of the subject that are observed, and not specifically tested for. (Observational behavioral indicators).

52
Q

Hallucination

A

A sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind, e.g., seeing, hearing, smelling, or or feeling something that isn’t really there. Also, having a distorted sensory perception, things appear differently than they are.

53
Q

Hallucinogens

A

One of the seven drug categories. Hallucinogens include LSD, MDMA, peyote, psilocybin, and numerous other drugs.

54
Q

Hash oil

A

Sometimes referred to as “marijuana oil” it is highly concentrated syrup like oil extracted from marijuana. It is normally produced by soaking marijuana and the container of solvent, such as acetone or alcohol, alcohol for several hours, and after the solvent has evaporated, a thick syrup like oil is produced with a high THC content.

55
Q

Hashish

A

A form of cannabis made from the dried and pressed resin of a marijuana plant.

56
Q

Head trauma

A

A blower bump to the head that injures the brain may cause observable signs and symptoms which may mimic drug and alcohol impairment

57
Q

Heroin

A

A powerful while abuse narcotic, and algesic that is chemically derived from morphine. The chemical, or generic name of heroine is “ diacetyl morphine”

58
Q

Homeostasis

A

Dynamic balance, or steady state, and bobbles of salt, water, sugar, and other materials in the bodies fluids.

59
Q

Horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN)

A

Involuntary jerking in the occurring as the eyes to the side

60
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals produced by the bodies endocrine system that are carried through the bloodstream to the organ. They exert great influence on the growth and development of the individual, and we ate in the regulation of numerous body processes.

61
Q

Hydroxy thc

A

A metabolite of THC

62
Q

Hyperflexia

A

Exaggerator over extended motions

63
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Excess sugar in the blood

64
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Deep, rapid or labored breathing

65
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Extremely high body temperature

66
Q

Hyperreflexia

A

A neurological condition condition by increased reflects reactions

67
Q

Hypertension

A

Abnormally high blood pressure. Do not confuse with hypotension.

DRE School 2024 (10 decks)

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