Final Course Review Flashcards
1
Q
Defined the word drug for DRE purposes
A
Any substance that, when taking into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.
2
Q
Name the seven drug categories
A
CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, hallucinogens, dissociative anesthetic, narcotic analgesics, inhalants, and cannabis.
3
Q
Name the sub categories of central nervous system depressants
A
Antidepressants, antipsychotic tranquilizers, sedative-hypnotics, and other.
4
Q
Name the 3 categories of CNS stimulants
A
Cocaine, the amphetamines, and others
5
Q
Name the two subcategories of narcotic analgesics
A
Opiates and opioids (synthetics)
6
Q
Identify the drug category for Desoxyn
A
CNS Stimulant
7
Q
Identify the drug category for Secobarbital (Seconal)
A
CNS Depressant (Sedative-Hypnotic)
8
Q
Identify the drug category for Fentanyl
A
Narcotic Analgesics
9
Q
Identify the drug category for Alprazolam (Xanax)
A
CNS Depressant (Sedative Hypnotics)
10
Q
Identify the drug category for Phenyl Cyclohexyl Peperidine (PCP)
A
Dissociative Anesthetic
11
Q
Identify the drug category for Ecstasy (MDMA)
A
Hallucinogens
12
Q
Identify the drug category for ETOH
A
CNS Depressants
13
Q
Identify the drug category for Demerol
A
Narcotic Analgesics
14
Q
Identify the drug category for Psilocybin
A
Hallucinogens
15
Q
12 components of the drug influence evaluation
A
BIPED VD MISOT
- Breath, alcohol test.
- Interview of the arresting.
- Preliminary exam.
- Examinations of the eyes.
- divided attention tests.
- Examination of vital signs.
- Dark Room Examination,
- Examination of Muscle Tone,
- Examination for injection sites
- Subjects statements and other observations.
- Opinion of evaluator.
- Toxicological results
16
Q
Identify the Drug Category for Morphine
A
Narcotic Analgesic
17
Q
Identify the Drug Category for Adderall
A
CNS Stimulant
18
Q
Identify the Drug Category for Chlordiazepoxide
A
CNS Depressant
19
Q
Identify the Drug Category for Ketamine
A
Dissociative Anesthetic
20
Q
Identify the Drug Category for Oxycodone
A
Narcotic Analgesics
21
Q
Identify the Drug Category for Ritalin
A
CNS Stimulant
22
Q
Identify the Drug Category for Bufotenine
A
Hallucinogens
23
Q
Identify the Drug Category for methaqualone
A
CNS Depressant
24
Q
Name the three clues for Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
A
- Lack of Smooth Pursuit
- Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation
- Angle of Onset
25
For HGN, how long should the eye be held at maximum deviation?
A minimum of 4 seconds
26
What is the formula that expresses the approximate relationship between BAC and Angle of Onset?
BAC = 50- Angle of Onset
27
Name the categories of drugs that cause HGN
Your DID drugs
CNS Depressants, Dissociative Anesthetics, and Inhalants
28
Name the Categories of Drugs that cause VGN
DID drugs
CNS Depressants, Dissociative Anesthetics, and Inhalants
29
Name the test always administered immediately after VGN
Lack of Convergence
30
Name the categories of drugs that will cause slow reaction to light
CNS Depressants, CNS Stimulants, and Inhalants
31
Name the lighting conditions under which we make estimations of pupil size
Room light, near total darkness, and direct light
32
Name the other things a DRE looks for while shining the light directly into the subjects eye
Rebound dilation and pupil reaction to light
33
How quickly must the pupil start to constrict if it is considered to exhibit normal reaction to light?
Within one second
34
Define rebound dilation
A period of pupillary constriction, followed by a period of pupillary dilation where the pupil steadily increases in size in the range between minimum and max is equal to or greater than 1 mm and does not return to its original constricted size.
35
State the DRE average ranges of pupil size for the three lighting conditions
Room light: 2.5 - 5.0 mm
Near Total Darkness: 5.0 -8.0 mm
Direct Light: 2.0 - 4.5 mm
36
Define miosis
Abnormally small (constricted) pupils
37
Define Mydriasis
Abnormally large (dilated) pupils
38
Define Ptosis
Droopy eyelid
39
What category of drugs cause dilation of the pupils?
CNS Stimulants, Hallucinogens, Cannabis (although sometimes only slight dilation)
40
What category of drugs causes constriction?
Narcotic Analgesics
41
Identify the Drug Category of Oxycodone
Narcotic Analgesic
42
Identify the Drug Category of Halcion
CNS Depressant
43
Identify the Drug Category of Gabapentin
CNS Depressant
44
Identify the Drug Category of Peyote
Hallucinogen
45
Identify the Drug Category of Ritalin
CNS Stimulant
46
Identify the Drug Category of Diazepam?
CNS Depressant aka Valium
47
Identify the Drug Category of Dexedrine
CNS stimulant
48
Identify the Drug Category of Codine
Narcotic Analgesic
49
Identify the Drug Category of Lorazepam
CNS Depressant
50
Define pulse
The rhythmic dilation and relaxation of an artery that results from the beating of the heart.
Also acceptable, the expansion and contraction of an artery caused by the surging flow of blood
51
Define pulse rate
The number of pulsations in an artery per minute
52
Define Artery
A strong elastic blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body tissues
53
Define Vein
A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart from the body tissues
54
Where are these pulse points located:
Radial
Brachial
Carotid
Radial= wrist
Brachial = crook of arm
Carotid = neck
55
What is the normal range of adult pulse rates?
60-90 beats per minute
56
Name the drug categories that cause elevated pulse rates?
CNS stimulants
Hallucinogens
Dissociative Anesthetics
Inhalants
Cannabis
57
Name the drug categories that cause lowered pulse rates
CNS depressants
Narcotic Anesthetics
58
Define blood pressure
The force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries
59
How often does a person’s blood pressure change?
It is always changing from instant to instant
60
When does blood pressure reach its highest value?
When the heart is fully contracted, and blood is sent rushing into the arteries
61
When does the blood pressure reach its lowest value?
When the heart is fully expanded, just before it starts to contract for the next pumping action.
62
Name the two medical instruments used to measure blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
63
Name the sound we hear through the stethoscope when we take a blood pressure measurement
Korotkoff sounds
64
What does this “Hg” mean?
Chemical symbol for the element mercury, abbreviation for the Latin word, hydrargyrum meaning mercury 
65
In what units is blood pressure measured?
Millimeters of mercury
66
Suppose at some particular instant, a person has a blood pressure of 120 mmHg. What does “120 mmHg” mean?
It means the pressure would be strong enough to push a column of liquid mercury up a glass tube to the height of 120 mm
67
Name the drug categories that usually cause a lowered blood pressure
CNS Depressants, Narcotic Analgesics, and the Anesthetic Gases subcategory of inhalants
68
Name the drug categories that elevate blood pressure
CNS stimulants, hallucinogens, disassociative anesthetics, cannabis, and the other two subcategories (volatile solvents and aerosols) of inhalants.
69
Define systolic
The highest value of blood pressure
70
Define diastolic
The lowest value of blood pressure
71
Define Bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate, pulse rate is below the normal range
72
Define tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heart rate, pulse rate above the normal range
73
Define hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure
74
Define hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure
75
Normal range of systolic blood pressure
120-140 mmHg
76
Normal range for diastolic blood pressure
70-90 mmHg
77
Define Physiology
For the purposes of this training, course, physiology is the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
78
What is the expression we used to remember the names of the 10 major body systems?
Murderers Inc.
79
State the word that means “dynamic balance involving levels of salts, water, sugars, and other materials in the bodies fluids.”
Homeostasis
80
Which artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary
81
What is unique about the pulmonary artery, compared to all other arteries?
Is the only artery that takes blood from the right side of the heart is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood (i.e., blood depleted of oxygen)
82
What are the pulmonary veins?
The veins that carry blood back to the heart from the lungs
83
What is unique about the pulmonary veins?
They are the only veins that bring blood to the left side of the heart. They are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood.
84
What do these terms mean sensory nerves?
Afferent nerves
85
What do these terms mean motor nerves?
Efferent nerves
86
What do these terms mean voluntary?
Conscious control
87
What does this term mean autonomic?
Not conscious control
88
What does sympathetic mean?
Fear, stress, etc.
89
What does parasympathetic mean?
Relaxation, tranquility, etc.
90
Define neuron
A nurse, the basic “building block” of a nerve
91
Define synapse
The gap or space between two nerve cells
92
Define neurotransmitter
A chemical that flows across the sign apps, to carry a message from one neuron to the next
93
Define axon
The end of a neuron that sends out the neurotransmitter
94
Define dendrite
The end of an neuron that receives an neurotransmitter
95
What drug, other than alcohol, was found most frequently in the Los Angeles Field Validation Study?
PCP
96
How common was polydrug use in the Los Angeles Field Validation Study?
More than 70% of the subjects had two or more drug categories in them.
97
What does "polydrug use" mean?
Administering two or more drugs.
98
How good were DREs in the Field Validation Study?
Nearly 80% of the time when the DREs said a particular category of drugs was present, that category was found in the subject's blood.
In 92.5% of the subjects, the DREs correctly identified at least one of the categories that were present.
99
In the University of Tennessee Study, what percentage of injured drivers had drugs other than alcohol in them?
40% of those drivers had evidence of other drugs in their urine.
100
Name six different CNS Depressants
Alprazolam (Xanax), Butalbital (Fioricet), Carisoprodol (Soma) , Diazepram (Valium), Gabapentin (Neurotin, Gralise, Horizant), Fluvoxamine (Luvox), Methaqualone (Quaalude), Secobarbital ( Seconal).
101
Name four different CNS Stimulants
Amphetamines, Cocaine, Cathinone, Methamphetamine, Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
102
Name two naturally-occuring Hallucinogens
Bufotenine, Peyote (Mescaline), Psilocybin (Mushrooms), Nutmeg
103
Name four different synthetic Hallucinogen
LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) , MDMA, DMY, MDA (Esctasy/ Methylenedioxymthamphetamine), 2C-B (Bronmo-Mescaline)
104
Name a major analog of PCP
Ketamine
105
Name the three sub-categories of inhalants?
Volatile Solvents, Aerosols, Anesthetic Gases
106
What is the active ingredient in Cannabis?
THC
107
True of False: Pulse rate is measured in units of "millimeters of mercury"
FALSE: Pulse Rate is measured in Beats per Minutes
108
What is the "average" range of adult human blood pressure, for DRE purposes?
Systolic: 120-140 mmHg
Diastolic: 70-90 mmHg
109
True or False: Any drug that causes HGN may also produce VGN
True, all drugs that cause HGN will cause VGN if the dose is large enough.
110
What category of drugs causes VGN but not HGN?
No drug causes VGN but not HGN.
111
True of False: Any drug that causes nystagmus will also usually cause the eyes to be unable to converge.
True: CNS Depressant, Dissociative Anesthetics, and Inhalants usually cause the eyes to be unable to converge.
112
What category of drugs usually causes LOC but does not cause nystagmus?
Cannabis usually causes LOC but doesn't cause nystagmus.
113
How long should we wait in the Darkroom before beginning to check the subject's pupils?
At least 90 seconds
114
Name the device we use to estimate the size of the subject's pupils.
Pupillometer
115
What do the numbers on the Pupillometer refer to?
The diameters of the dark circles/semi-circles
116
In what units of measurement are those numbers given
In millimeters
117
What category of drugs usually causes Miosis, or constricted pupils?
Narcotic Analgesics usually cause pupils to constrict below the DRE average range.
118
What categories usually cause Mydriasis, or dilated pupils?
CNS Stimulants and Hallucinogens usually cause pupils to dilate above the DRE Average range. Cannabis also may cause dilation. Certain CNS Depressants and some inhalants may also cause pupil dilation.
119
What is unique about Methaqualone (Quaaludes) and Soma?
Both are CNS depressants that cause Pupil Dilation
120
Name the four Divided Attention Tests administered during the DRE drug influence evaluation.
Modified Romberg Balance
Walk and Turn
One Leg Stand
Finger to Nose
121
Why is the Modified Romberg Balance (MRB) the first test administered?
For standardization
122
What four validated clues of impairment have been established for the One Leg Stand (OLS)
Test?
Sways while balancing
Uses arm(s) to balance
Hopping
Puts the foot down
123
How many times is the OLS administered during the DRE drug influence evaluation?
Twice
124
Which foot must the subject stand on first when performing the OLS?
Left
125
How many validated clues of impairment have been established for the Walk and Turn (WAT)
test? Name them.
Eight validated clues
Cannot keep balance during the instructions
Starts too soon
Stops while walking
Does not touch heel-to-toe
Steps off the line
Uses arm(s) to balance
Improper turn
Incorrect number of steps
126
In what sequence is the subject instructed to touch the index fingers to the nose on the Finger
to Nose (FTN) test?
Left, Right, Left, Right, Right, Left
127
What is the medical or technical term for “droopy eyelids”?
Ptosis
128
What does “Piloerection” mean? What drug often causes Piloerection?
“Piloerection” means “Hair Standing Up”, or “Goose Bumps”. It is often caused
by LSD
129
What is the medical or technical term for Heroin?
Diacetyl Morphine
130
Explain the terms “Null”, “Additive”, “Antagonistic,” and “Overlapping” Effect as they apply to
polydrug use. Give examples.
Null”: neither drug affects some specific indicator
No action + No action= no action
0+0=0
“Additive”: the two drugs produce some identical effects
Action + action = greater action
1+1=10
“Antagonistic”: the two drugs produce some directly opposite effects
Action + opposite action= unknown
1+1=?
“Overlapping”: one drug affects some symptom the other doesn’t affect, and vice versa.
Action + no action= action
1+0=1
131
What is pupillary unrest?
The continuous change in the size of the pupils that may be observed under
room or steady light conditions
132
What does “Bruxism” mean?
Grinding the teeth.
133
What does the number denoting the size of a hypodermic needle refer to?
The inside diameter of the needle.
134
What does “Synesthesia” mean?
A mixing of senses, i.e. hearing colors or seeing sounds
135
What is “Sinsemilla”?
A variety of marijuana with a high concentration of THC.
136
What are the twelve major components of the DRE drug influence evaluation?
Breath Alcohol Test
Interview of Arresting Officer
Preliminary Examination
Examinations of the Eyes
Divided Attention Tests
Vital Signs Examinations
Dark Room Examinations
Examination for Muscle Tone
Examination for Injection Sites
Subject’s Statements
Opinion of the Evaluator
Toxicological Examination
137
Name the ten major body systems.
M is for Muscular System
U is for Urinary System
R is for Respiratory System
D is for Digestive System
E is for Endocrine System
R is for Reproductive System
S is for Skeletal System
I is for Integumentary System
N is for Nervous System
C is for Circulatory System
138
What is the distinction between the “Smooth” muscles and the ”Striated” muscles?
We consciously control the Striated; we don’t consciously control the Smooth.
139
What do we call the chemicals produced by the Endocrine System?
Hormones
140
What is a neuron?
A nerve cell
141
What do the Sensory Nerves do?
Carry messages to the brain, from the sense organs, pain sensors, etc.
142
What do the Motor Nerves do?
Carry messages from the brain, to the muscles, etc
143
Name the two sub-divisions of Motor Nerves.
Voluntary (control striated muscles) and Autonomic (control smooth muscles)
144
Name the two sub-divisions of Autonomic Nerves and describe their functions.
Sympathetic (command the body’s response to fear, excitement, etc.), and
Parasympathetic (promote the body’s tranquil activities).
145
What does it mean to say a drug is “sympathomimetic”?
It means the drug’s effects mimic those caused by messages transmitted along
sympathetic nerves (excitement, agitation, arousal, etc.).
146
What does it mean to say a drug is “parasympathomimetic”?
The drug’s effects mimic those caused by messages transmitted along
parasympathetic nerves (relaxation, calm, sleep, etc.).
147
Which two categories of drugs can most appropriately be called sympathomimetic?
CNS Stimulants and Hallucinogens
148
Which category can most appropriately be called parasympathomimetic?
Narcotic Analgesics
Clarification: Cannabis, Dissociative Anesthetics, and Inhalants have some
sympathomimetic characteristics, but not as many as do the CNS Stimulants and
Hallucinogens. CNS Depressants have parasympathomimetic characteristics, but
not as many as the Narcotic Analgesics.
