Glossary

Question 1

Who were the Serfs? What could happen to them?

Answer 1

Labour workers owned by masters

Bought or sold

Question 2

What were Mirs?

Answer 2

Village communes where peasants lived and worked

Question 3

What is autocracy?

Answer 3

Total power by one person

Question 4

What is a Tsar?

Answer 4

Emperor of Russia

Question 5

What was the Orthodox Church?

Answer 5

Official state religion of Tsarist Russia

Question 6

What was conscription?

Answer 6

Forced service, usually for 25 years

Question 7

What was Serfdom?

Answer 7

Where peasants are property of their masters

Question 8

What is Emancipation?

Answer 8

Freedom

Question 9

What was the Bureaucracy?

Answer 9

Civil servants who undertake administrative tasks

Question 10

What is a Mortgage?

Answer 10

Money borrowed against a form of security

Question 11

Who were the Westernisers?

Answer 11

Russian intellectuals who believed Russia should follow Western lines

Question 12

Who were the Slavophiles?

Answer 12

Russian intellectuals who believe Russia should seek a basis under tradition

Question 13

Who were the Intellectuals?

Answer 13

Educated elite often critical of the Tsarist regime

Question 14

What/When was the Crimean War?

Answer 14

Where Russia were up against Britain, France and Turkey

1853-56

Question 15

What does radical mean?

Answer 15

Fundamental change

Question 16

What is the Zemstva? When were they set up?

Answer 16

Elected local government assemblies

1864

Question 17

What is a Liberal?

Answer 17

Someone who wanted more personal and economic freedom

Question 18

What was St Petersburg?

Answer 18

Capital of Russia (later Petrograd and Leningrad)

Question 19

What was the Ohkrana?

Answer 19

Third Section replacement

Question 20

What was reaction?

Answer 20

Backwards behaviour returning to former ways

Question 21

Who were the Land Captains?

Answer 21

Nobles with extensive local powers

Question 22

What is a pogrom?

Answer 22

Attack on Jews

Question 23

What is Russification?

Answer 23

Imposing Russian culture and language on ethnic minorities

Question 24

What is anti-semitism?

Answer 24

Hatred towards Jews

Question 25

Who were the ethnic minorities?

Answer 25

Primarily Poles, Finns, Ukrainians and Jews

Question 26

What are Import Tariffs?

Answer 26

Money paid when goods are brought into Russia

Question 27

Who were Kadets?

Answer 27

Constitutional Democratic Party members

Question 28

What was universal suffrage?

Answer 28

Vote for all people

Question 29

Who were Octobrists?

Answer 29

Moderate Conservative party

Question 30

Who were the Bolshevik Party? Who led them?

Answer 30

A faction broken away from the Social Democratic Working Party Lenin

Question 31

What were "civil rights"?

Answer 31

Personal rights

Question 32

What was the Socialist Revolutionary Party? What did it support?

Answer 32

Populist party founded in 1901 | Land redistribution

Question 33

What was the Social Democratic Workers' Party? What 2 factions did this party later split into?

Answer 33

Marxist party founded in 1898 | Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

Question 34

What does "proletarian" mean?

Answer 34

Exploited working-class member

Question 35

What were Mensheviks?

Answer 35

Marxists

Question 36

What was the Central Committee?

Answer 36

Body elected by party congress

Question 37

What was Kronstadt?

Answer 37

St Petersburg's main seaport

Question 38

What is meant by "dual power"?

Answer 38

Power-sharing between the Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet

Question 39

What is a constituent assembly?

Answer 39

A governing body who draw up a new constitution

Question 40

Who were the Red Guards?

Answer 40

Bolshevik armed forces

Question 41

What is a mandate?

Answer 41

Authority to carry out a policy

Question 42

What was the Cheka?

Answer 42

Bolshevik secret police

Question 43

Who are Commissars?

Answer 43

Socialist ministers

Question 44

What was Sovnarkom?

Answer 44

Soviet Council of People's Commissars

Question 45

What is the Politburo?

Answer 45

The highest policy-making body in the Soviet Union

Question 46

What is meant by a "purge"?

Answer 46

"A cleaning out of impurities"

Question 47

What was Stakhanovite?

Answer 47

A movement named after a miner with record-breaking amounts of coal in 1935

Question 48

What was the Komsomol?

Answer 48

Young Communist organisation

Question 49

What was the NKVD?

Answer 49

Secret police force that succeeded the Cheka

Question 50

What was the Kolkhoz?

Answer 50

Main collective farm of Russia

Question 51

What was the Nomenklatura?

Answer 51

Privileged elite who ran the party machine

Question 52

What was the Cold War?

Answer 52

Tension between the US and Soviet Union post-WW2

Question 53

What was Samizdat?

Answer 53

Secret publication of banned literature

Question 54

What was Burzhui?

Answer 54

Abusive term against anti-Communists

Question 55

What was a constitutional monarchy?

Answer 55

Where the ruler's power is limited by an elected assembly

Question 56

What was Marxism?

Answer 56

A political ideology that believes all history is driven by economic forces which create class struggles

Question 57

What was a Narodnik?

Answer 57

Russian name for a populist

Question 58

What were show trials?

Answer 58

Propagandist trials held for political purposes

Question 59

What was a socialist?

Answer 59

Someone who believes factory and land should belong to the people

Question 60

What was a Soviet?

Answer 60

An elected council that controlled factories or local areas

Question 61

What were trade unions?

Answer 61

Organisations that represent workers in negotiations

Question 62

What was the Winter Palace? Where is it located?

Answer 62

Home of the Tsar | St Petersburg