4 - Alexander II, Reaction And The Emergence Of Opposition

Question 1

What feelings did reforms create in the 1860s?

Answer 1

Excitement and opposition

Question 2

What did censorship relaxation encourage?

Answer 2

More radical books

Question 3

What did educational changes lead to the growth of?

Answer 3

Radical student organisations

Question 4

What did legal reforms promote? Who did they attract?

Answer 4

Legal careers
Middle class critical of government

Question 5

When was the opposition group Young Russia formed? Who were they hostile to?

Answer 5

1862

Tsar and Church

Question 6

When was the opposition group The Organisation formed? Who was it set up by and what did they carry out?

Answer 6

1863

Moscow Uni alumni, revolutionary activities

Question 7

What sort of period set in between 1866-67? Why?

Answer 7

Reaction

Attempted Tsar assassinations

Question 8

Who did Alexander II appoint? Who are 2 examples?

Answer 8

Reactionary ministers

Dmitry Tolstoy and Peter Shuvalov

Question 9

What did the reactionary ministers argue about Russia?

Answer 9

Westernising changes were weakening Russia

Question 10

What 2 type of reforms still continued? What happened to the others?

Answer 10

Economic and legal

Halted or reversed

Question 11

Who was the authority of primary schools returned to? Whose activities were restricted?

Answer 11

Church

Zemstva

Question 12

What were secondary schools ordered to remove from their curriculum?

Answer 12

Sciences

Question 13

Where could vocational students only attend as of 1871?

Answer 13

Higher technical institutions

Question 14

What subjects were banned in universities? Why?

Answer 14

Literature and history

Encouraged critical thought

Question 15

What organisations were banned?

Answer 15

Student organisations

Question 16

What could the government do over university appointments?

Answer 16

Veto

Question 17

What was reasserted with the new education policies? What became restricted?

Answer 17

Religious control

The curriculum

Question 18

What education was declined? How did people escape restrictions?

Answer 18

Female education

Studying abroad

Question 19

What force’s work was increased?

Answer 19

Third Section

Question 20

What trial could political offenders face? Until what year?

Answer 20

Show trials

1878

Question 21

Where could political crimes be tried from 1878?

Answer 21

Secret military courts

Question 22

What were given to governor-generals? From what year?

Answer 22

Emergency powers for military courts and exile

1879

Question 23

Which groups of people thrived underground?

Answer 23

Critics and opponents

Question 24

Why were show trials abandoned? Who is an example?

Answer 24

Sympathetic juries

Vera Zasulich

Question 25

What war took place between 1877-78? What situation took place between 1879-80?

Answer 25

Russo-Turkish War

Famine

Question 26

What recession started in the late 1870s? What event from the 1860s repeated itself relating to the Tsar?

Answer 26

Industrial

Assassination attempts

Question 27

What commission did Alexander II establish? Under who?

Answer 27

Count Loris-Melikov

Question 28

What position was Loris-Melikov appointed to in 1880? What was he to investigate?

Answer 28

Minister of the Interior

Revolutionary activities

Question 29

Who was released because of Loris-Melikov?

Answer 29

Political prisoners

Question 30

What was relaxed because of Loris-Melikov?

Answer 30

Censorship

Question 31

Whose restrictions were lifted because of Loris-Melikov?

Answer 31

Zemstva

Question 32

What was tax removed from because of Loris-Melikov?

Answer 32

Salt

Question 33

What was abolished because of Loris-Melikov? Who replaced them?

Answer 33

Third Section

Okhrana