22 - War Communism, New Economic Policy And The Five-Year Plans Flashcards

1
Q

What did Lenin say that “Soviets + Electrification” equals? What did he want to modernise to show this equation worked?

A

“Communism”

Russia

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2
Q

What type of ownership had Lenin abolished in 1917? What control did he recognise of the workers?

A

Private ownership

Their control of factories

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3
Q

What did the workers’ control of factories legitimise?

A

Actions in cities and countrysides

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4
Q

Why did Lenin increase state intervention for the workers? What fell as a result?

A

They weren’t experienced enough

Production

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5
Q

What did peasants horde under heavy state intervention? Why?

A

Grain

Fewer industrial goods were for sale

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6
Q

What was a basic human right necessary for the success of the Civil War? What Communism did this begin?

A

Workers and soldiers were fed

War Communism

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7
Q

Why were Kulaks mostly targeted by requisitioning squads? What kind of “enemies” were they?

A

They had more grain to extract

“Class enemies”

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8
Q

Where were factories nationalised? What hours were extended?

A

Cities

Working hours

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9
Q

What was issued to stop workers leaving cities for food?

A

Internal passports

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10
Q

Who won the Civil War? What did they fail to increase?

A

Bolsheviks

Factory production

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11
Q

How much had industrial output decreased from 1914-21?

A

20%

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12
Q

What did peasants resist in countrysides? What did they grow less of?

A

Food requisitioning

Grain

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13
Q

What did many peasants destroy of their own to survive in countrysides? How many died partially because of this?

A

Livestock

Millions

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14
Q

What 3 things had spread around the Soviet Union by 1922?

A

Famine
Disease
Strikes

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15
Q

What revolts were widespread in Russia? What particular revolt was significantly alarming for the government?

A

Peasant revolts

Kronstadt sailors uprising

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16
Q

How did Lenin appear after suppressing revolts? What did he announce in August 1921?

A

Shaken

NEP

17
Q

What requisitioning ended under the NEP? How much grain were peasants taxed on?

A

Grain requisitioning

20%

18
Q

What would the state continue to control in its economy? What industry did this involve?

A

Its “commanding heights”

Heavy industry

19
Q

What was allowed under the NEP for businesses? What size businesses were only allowed?

A

Private trade

Small businesses

20
Q

What was economic recovery in the NEP led by? What was there an end to?

A

Increase in grain to cities

Unrest and revolts

21
Q

What class of peasants were revived? What type of men emerged?

A

Kulaks

“NEPmen”

22
Q

What production was slow under the NEP? What did peasants hold back as a result of a lack of consumer goods?

A

Industrial production

Grain

23
Q

How much did grain procurement increase between 1926-27?

A

75%

24
Q

What seizures did Stalin order? What did he believe was a solution to the grain crisis?

A

Grain seizures

“Large-scale farms of a collective type”

25
Q

What Plan did Stalin announce in December 1927? Why did he believe the Soviet Union needed modernisation?

A

“Five-Year Plan”

So it could catch up with the Western world

26
Q

What did Stalin say about the importance of his Five-Year Plans?

A

“Either we do it or we shall be crushed”

27
Q

What did the Soviet Union become under the FYP? How did it plan to defend itself?

A

Self-sufficient

Building industries

28
Q

What would the Soviet Union export to pay for machinery? What decree of Stalin’s did this emphasise?

A

Grain

“Socialism in One Country”

29
Q

What does Historian Orlando Figes argue about the NEP?

A

“It was an ill-formated attempt to redefine socialism”

30
Q

What does Historian J. P. Netting argue about the supply of the Soviet Union during the first FYP?

A

“During the first FYP, the Soviet Union was abundantly supplied”

31
Q

What does Historian Edward Acton state about the base of the Soviet Union by 1941?

A

“The Soviet Union had established a mighty industrial base”