Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
define nephrotic syndrom
Albumin <30 g/L
Proteinuria >3g/24 hours
+/- oedema
5 presentations of GN
Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities CKD Nephrotic syndrome Nephritic syndrome Rapidly progressive GN
2 roles of mesangial cells
structure
communication
what is the specialisation of the epithelial cell of the capillary loop?
fenestration
what type of cell is a podocyte
epithelial
role of podocytes
important in charge and size permeability of the barrier
4 responses of podocytes to injury
apoptosis
foot process effacement
detachment from GBM
loss of slit diaphragm
3 examples of glomerular diseases
minimal change disease
FSGS- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
diabetic nephropathy
4 primary causes of nephrotic disease
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
membranous
minimal change
membranoproliferative
5 secondary causes of nephrotic disease
drugs e.g. NSAIDs, tamoxifen, lithium, antimicrobials
infections e.g. HIV, hep B, hep C, syphilis, malaria
3 types of investigations into nephrotic disease
immunology e.g. ANA, dsDNA, C3 and C4, myeloma screen
microbiology e.g. hep B and C
radiolog e.g. renal USS +/- doppler, CXR
5 complications of nephrotic disease
thromboembolism- loss of anticoag factors
infection- loss of IgG
hyperlipidaemia- loss of LDLR
nutrition
AKI- renal vein problems
what do you see on microscopy in minimal change
normal light microscopy
diffuse foot effacement on electron microscopy
5 secondary causes of minimal change
H and NHL malignant thymoma renal cell carcinoma GVHD lithium NSAIDs
3 categories of causes that can cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
familial e.g. mutation in nephrin gene
virus associated e.g. HIV, EBV
medication e.g. ecstasy
