Arrhythmias Flashcards
Describe the cardiac action potential graph
1) opening of VGNaC- influx of sodium into cells
2) transient outward flow of potassium to start repol
3) opening of VGCaC to continue repol
4) Ca channels inactivate, and K continues to flow out of VG channels
How does depolarisation lead to cardiac contraction
release Ca from SR
describe the depol graph of the SAN
1) slow influx of sodium - prepotential
2) rapid influx of calcium- depolarisation
3) outflux of K+- repolarisation
3 types of arrhythmia
tachy
brady
heart block
3 causes of tachy arrhythmias
re-entry
abnormal automaticity
triggered activity
give 5 examples of types of tachyarrhythmia
- Supraventricular Tachycardia.
- Atrial tachycardia.
- Atrial Flutter.
- Atrial Fibrillation.
- Ventricular Tachycardia.
- Ventricular Fibrillation.
3 types of atrial arrhythmia
supraventricular tachycardia
AVN re-entry tachycardia
Atrial ventricular re-entry tachycardia
atrial tachycardia
atrial flutter
atrial fibrillation
3 triggers of atrial fibrillation
infection
electrolyte imbalance
MI
PE
pathophysiology if atrial fibrillation
Multiple circuits of electricity happen in the atria spontaneously and each happens at their own rate.
AVN unable to respond to all of the circuits, just responds to whichever circuit reaches it hence irregularly irregular rhythm.
major risk associated with atrial flutter
blood clots
2 basic management steps for atrial fibrillation
decide on whether or not to anticoagulate
rate and rhythm control
5 causes of ventricular tachycardia
o Ischaemic heart disease o Cardiomyopathies o Electrolyte/ metabolic imbalance o Drugs o Ion channel diseases
5 types of brady arrhythmia
sinus arrest and block trifascicular block AV block 1st degree AV block 2:1 AV block 3rd degree AV block
Main management of brady arrhythmias
pacemakers
