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Kidney > Glomerular perfusion > Flashcards

Glomerular perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Define renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerular tuft and Bowmans capsule

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2
Q

Define glomerular tuft?

A

Convoluted, interconnected glomerular capillaries that protruding into Bowman’s capsule

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Where is renal curpuscle?

A

Kidney

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5
Q

What cells present in renal corpuscle?

A

Mesangial cells- specialised pericytes

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6
Q

Where are mesangial cells found?

A

Renal corpuscle

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7
Q

State 4 functions of renal corpuscle?

A

1) Structural support for capillary
2) Production of extracellular matrix protein
3) Contraction; regulates flow and filtration
tubuloglomerular feedback
4) Phagocytosis of breakdown products

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8
Q

What is bowmans capsule?
What is continuous with it?

A

Encase glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

What is total glomerular SA?

A

1m2

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10
Q

Are membranes fenestrated or unfenestrated?
Negative or positive charge?

A

Fenestrated
Negative charged

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11
Q

Where does filtrate collect?

A

Bowmans space

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12
Q

What are 2 layers in Bowmans capsule?

A

Basement membrane
Parietal epithelium cells

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13
Q

What are 3 layers of glomerulus?

A

Endothelial cells
Basement membrane
Podocytes

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14
Q

What is layer adjacent to capillaries?
Adapted?

A

Endothelial cells
Fenestrated
Single cell

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15
Q

What sites on top endothelial?

A

Basement membrane
Fusion 2 bm
Capillary and podocyte BM
Negative charged

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16
Q

What sits on top BM?

A

Podocytes
Single cell
Foot processes- act filtrate barrier

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17
Q

Function of podocytes?

A

Act filtrate barrier

18
Q

Explain myogenic autoregulation?
Location?

A

Smooth muscle contraction response external stretching force
Occurs capillary walls

19
Q

What are 2 types autoregulation?

A

Myogenic
Tubuloglomerular feedback

20
Q

Explain tubuloglomerular feedback?

A

Respond sodium chloride conc
High conc NaCl- afferent arteriole constricts- lower
- red BF
Low conc NaCl- afferent arteriole dilates- higher
- build pres

Efferent- after
Afferent- before

21
Q

Constriction or dilation in response to high NaCl?
What?

A

Constriction of afferent arteriole

22
Q

What illicits fast response of tubuloglomerular feedback?

A

GFR

23
Q

What illicits slow response of tuboglomerular feedback?

A

RAAS

24
Q

What senses Na+ conc lvls?

A

Macula densa cells

25
Q

Function of macula densa cells?

A

Detect Na+ conc lvls
Through NKCC2 transported

26
Q

Explain process tuboglomerular feedmack?

A

1) Macula densa cells detect Na+ concentration levels
through NKCC2 transporter
2) Signals through adenosine and nitric oxide to walls of
arterioles, afferent main effected
3) Flow rate high (high Na+)- constriction of afferent
arteriole
- causes GFR to fall
Flow rate low (low Na+)- dilation of afferent arteriole
- causes GFR to rise
4) Reduced GFR and renal blood flow (RBF) increases
sympathetic activity- causes vasoconstriction
5) Increases HR, BP, and CO- shunt blood to muscles

27
Q

Label

A
28
Q

Explain what occurs if high GFR?

A

1) High GFR- high NaCl load
2) Macula densa detect and secrete ATP
3) Mesangial cells metabolise ATP to adenosine
4) Adenosine stimulate granular cells
5) Afferent arteriole constricts
6) Reduced GFR

29
Q

Decreased GFR- what occurs afferent arteriole?

A

Dilate- GFR rises

30
Q

Increased GFR- what occurs afferent arteriole?

A

Constrict- GFR falls

31
Q

What are Na+ conc lvls detected through?

A

Macula densa cells
NKCC2 transportes

32
Q

What ns does tubuloglomerular impact?

A

Sympathetic

33
Q

What occurs if reduced GFR and RBF? (SYMP)

A

Sympathetic activity increased
Vasodilation afferent
Increase HR, BP, CO
Shunt blood muscles

34
Q
A
35
Q

What is afferent arteriole?
Function?

A

Part renal artery
Carry oxygenated blood into glomerulus

36
Q

What is efferent arteriole?
Function?

A

Part renal artery
Carry deoxygenated blood, waste

37
Q

BP- How to increase GFR?
What happens efferent and afferent arteriole?

A

Efferent- constrict
Afferent- dilate

38
Q

BP- How to decrease GFR?
What happens efferent and afferent arteriole?

A

Efferent- Dilate (allow blood escape)
Afferent- Constrict (reduce blood flow)

39
Q

When does renal perfusion fail?

A

Above 200mmHg
Below 80mm Hg

40
Q

To increase GFR?
Afferent and efferent

A

Constrict the efferent arteriole (build up pressure before)
Dilate the afferent arteriole (builds up pressure after)

Kidney (11 decks)

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