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SF3Renal > Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

Azotemia

A

Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

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2
Q

Oliguria

A

Low urine output

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3
Q

Polydipsia

A

Abnormally thirst as a symptom of a disease

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4
Q

Hypodipsia

A

Insensitivity to thirst.

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5
Q

connected to Bowman’s capsule.
1) Major site of reabsorption of filtered fluid. 2) Distinguished by large surface area. a) Apical membrane has an extensive, non-motile brush border of microvilli which bulges out into the tubular lumen. b) Basolateral membrane has multiple infoldings of the cell membrane and basal projections. Interdigitation with neighbor cell not tight.
I. Allows for large lateral intercellular spaces or channels.
II. Mitochondria line basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells.

A

Proximal tubules

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6
Q

Hairpin loop in this segment of tubule allows fluid moving toward the papilla in the descending limb of the loop of Henle to be influenced by the fluid moving toward the cortex in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
a) Configuration results in countercurrent direction of flow of the tubular fluid. b) Loops are close to each other and can influence electrolyte and water
transport in each other.

A

Henle’s Loop

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7
Q

1) Returns to cortex and makes contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the parent renal corpuscle.
a) Site of the JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS (JGA).

A

Distal tubule

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8
Q

Part of the nephron that is the site of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

A

Distal tubule

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9
Q

The 3 cell types found in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Macula densa cells

Granular cells

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

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10
Q

Specialized epithelial cells in the late thick ascending limb of the loop of henle/earl distal tubule

Provide information on volume, flow or sodium chloride concentration of tubular fluid to the JGA

Interdigitate w/ the other 2 cell types in the JGA

A

Macula densa cells

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11
Q

Cells of JGA

Differentiated smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arteriole

Secrete RENIN

A

Granular cells

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12
Q

JGA cells that secrete RENIN

A

Granular cells

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13
Q

JGA cells

Exhibit phagocytic activity
Morphologically similar to and continuous w/ the intraglomerular mesangial cells

Communicate w/ granular cells via gap junctions

A

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

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14
Q

The distal tubule is ______ to water

A

Impermeable

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15
Q

Receives tubular fluid from distal tubules on its course from cortex to inner medulla

Site of fine tuning of tubular fluid composition which results in fine control of the extracellular fluid composition

Lined by mixed rather than homogenous cells types

A

Collecting tubule system

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16
Q

Cell types in the collected tubule system

A

Principal cells

Intercalated cells

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17
Q

Cells in the collecting tubule system that are responsive to hormones
(ADH, ANP, aldosterone)

A

Principal cells

18
Q

Cells in the collecting tubule system that are involved with H ion secretion (alpha) or bicarbonate secretion (beta)

A

Intercalated cells

19
Q

Vagal innervation to kidneys is _____

A

Absent

20
Q

Sympathetic stimulation to granular cells in the afferent arteriole causes _____

A

Increased renin secretion

21
Q

Sympathetic nervous system causes _____ to arterioles

A

Vasoconstriction

22
Q

Sympathetic stimulation to the basement membrane of proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct cause ____

A

Enhanced sodium reabsorption by these nephron segments

23
Q

Lympathic networks drain _____ but are not seen in the _____ and ______

A

Cortex

Medulla
Papillae

24
Q

Occurs only at glomerulus
No active transport
Physical process of essentially sieving blood
Permeability selective

A

Glomerular filtration

25
Q

Transfer of materials from peritubular capillary plasma to the tubular lumen

Highly selective
Both active and passive transport processes at work
Occurs throughout the length of the nephron

A

Tubular secretion

26
Q

People need only roughly _____ % of kidney tissue to live normal life

A

25%

27
Q

The podocytes are in the ______ of the glomerular membrane

A

Epithelium

28
Q

Transfer of material from the lumen of the tubule to the peritubular capillary plasma

Highly selective

Both active and passive transport processes

Occurs throughout the length of the nephron

A

Tubular reabsorption

29
Q

Renal blood flow is approximately _____ mL/min

A

1200mL/min

30
Q

Renal blood flow is about ___% of cardiac output

A

20%

31
Q

_____ is the best index of kidney function

A

Glomerular filtration rate

GFR

32
Q

GFR between 60 and 89

A

Mild kidney disease

33
Q

GFR between 30 and 59

A

Moderate chronic renal insufficiency

34
Q

GFR between 15 and 29 mL/min

A

Severe chronic renal insufficiency

35
Q

GFR less than 15 mL/min

A

End stage renal failure

36
Q

Fraction of plasma that filters in glomerulus

A

Filtration fraction

= (GFR/renal plasma flow)

37
Q

Increases in ADH causes what changes in Kf and GFR?

A

Increased ADH causes intrarenal mesangial cells to contract which decreases surface area and decreases Kf and GFR

38
Q

Angiotensin II does what to Kf and GFR

A

Decreases both

By decreases surface area due to the contraction of intrarenal mesangial cells

39
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide causes mesangial cells to _____ and causes a _____ in Kf and GFR

A

Relax

Increase

40
Q

Pathological changes that can cause a decrease in Kf(ultrafitrate coefficient) and a decrease in GFR

A

Thickening of the filtration barrier (autoimmune disease)

Destruction of glomerular capillaries

41
Q

Increases in urine flow cause a _______-_ in hydrostatic pressure in bowmans capsule and a ____ in GFR

A

An increase

Decrease

42
Q

Pathologic causes of increased hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Tumors

Kidney stones

SF3Renal (13 decks)

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