Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards
The percentage of total body water is ________ to age
Inversely related
The percentage of total body water is ______ to the degree of body fat
Inversely related
Adipose tissue contains ________ amount of water
Very litle
The percentage of total body water is _____ in adult females than in adult males due to subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue.
Lower
Total body water is distributed among which 3 major compartments
Blood plasma
Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
Plasma and interstitial fluid are separated by
Capillaries
Intraocular, cerebrospinal, and the fluid in transit in the lumina of epithelial organs is the 4th, smaller fluid compartment that is called the _______ fluid compartment
Transcellular
What 4 organs communicate the extracellular fluid with the external environment
Ailmentary canal
Lungs
Kidneys
Skin
Major intracellular fluid ion is ?
Potassium
Major extracellular fluid ions ?
Sodium and chlorid
Protein concentration of plasma is _____ to ISF
Greater than in respect to
Ionic concentration fo plasma is ____ to the ionic composition of the ISF
Similar to
Substance used in the determination of exctracellular fluid volume
Inulin
Substance used in the determination of plasma volume
I-albumin 131 (or Evan’s blue dye)
When calculating the volume of extracellular fluid when using inulin, what has to be taken into account?
The amount of inulin that is naturally secreted by the kidneys
Substance used to determine the total body water?
Antipyrine (or deuterated water or titrate water)
Can rapidly permeate cell membranes. Distributes uniformly throughout the ECF and ICF compartments
Complications associated in using tritiated isotope water in calculating total body water?
This water is lost through every route possible to lose water from the body
Factors that can cause extracellular and intracellular volumes to change
Ingestion of water
Dehydration
IV infusion
Large amount of fluid loss from GI tract
Abnormal amount of fluid loss from sweating or kidneys
Extracellular fluid becomes hyperosmotic by one of which two way?
Water loss
Na Retention
ECF becomes hyposmotic by what ?
Water gain
Na Loss
Common causes of increased ADH secretion
Neuropsychiatric disorders
Drugs
Pulmonary disease
Postoperative patient
Acute symptoms with [Na] between 120 meq/L and 125 meq/L (plasma)
Nausea and malaise
This is hyponatremia
Acute symptoms with [Na] (plasma) between 110meq/L and 120 meq/L ?
Headache and lethargy
This is hyponatremia
Acute symptoms with [Na] (plasma) below 110meq/L
Seizures
Coma
Permanent neurologic deficits
Death
(Severe hyponatremia)
Are there chronic symptoms with hyposmolarity (hyponatremia)
No.
There is brain osmotic adaptation.
Explain brain osmotic adaptation
Cerebral swelling will increase the flow of brain ISF towards the CSF decreasing the amount of swelling
Solutes move out of brain cells decreasing the amount of brain cell swelling
Number of solute particles per 1L of water
Osmolarity
Number of solute particles in 1kg of water
Osmolality
Functional unit of the kidney is the
Nephron
Renal disease with bilateral inflammatory changes in the glomeruli
Characterized by blood in urine
Protein in urine
Decreased urinary output
Edema
Glomerulonephritis
