Glomerular Filtration

Question 1

Where does it take place?

Answer 1

Many renal corpuscles

Question 1

Afferent

Answer 1

Carry towards

Question 2

Efferent

Answer 2

Carry away/from

Question 3

How does blood enter the glomerulus?

Answer 3

Three the wider afferent arteriole

Question 4

How does blood exit the glomerulus?

Answer 4

Narraway efferents arteriole

Question 5

How is pressure builds up in the glomerulus?

Answer 5

More blood enters than can leave

Question 6

What does the pressure force?

Answer 6

Filtrable content of blood through the glomerular membrane into the cavity of the Bowmans capsule

Question 7

How fast is blood filters?

Answer 7

Every minute 120 mL of blood plasma photos from the blood in the capillaries - Bowman’s

Question 8

Why is a known is ultrafiltration?

Answer 8

Filtration under pressure through a very fine filter - glomerular membrane

Question 9

Where does ultrafiltration take place?

Answer 9

Barrier between the blood in the glomerulus and the filtrate in the renal capsule

Question 10

What two layers of cells is the membrane made up of?

Answer 10

1. Endothelial cells
2. Podocyte layer

Question 11

What do the endothelial cells make up?

Answer 11

The wall of the glomerular capillaries

Question 12

What is the wall of the glomerular capillaries made up of?

Answer 12

Porous

Question 13

What does the porous glomerular capillaries mean?

Answer 13

Allowing plasma and it’s proteins to the pores are too small to allow the blood cells to pass

Question 14

What is the podocyte layer of the bowman’s capsule made of?

Answer 14

Flattened cells that have spaces between them

Question 15

What is the spaces between the fat in cells known as?

Answer 15

Filtration slits

Question 16

What is interesting about filtration slits?

Answer 16

Too small to allow plasma protein molecules three

Question 17

Why does the glomerular membrane become two layers?

Answer 17

Thin basement membrane covers each papillary

Question 18

What is the glomerular filtrate?

Answer 18

Plasma without the bloods house or plasma proteins – how it back because too large

Question 19

What does the filtrate include?

Answer 19

1. Useful substances
   Water, glucose, amino acid, vitamins, hormones and ions
2. Waste substances – nitrogenous waste
   urea, uric acide, creatinine

Question 20

What does the cup shape of the Bowmans capsule provide?

Answer 20

Large surface area Siri which maximum amount of filtration can take place

Question 21

Define glomerular filtration

Answer 21

Passive, non-selective process in which fluid and solid are forced to the calamari like membrane by hydrostatic pressure

Question 22

What does a passive process refer to?

Answer 22

Not needing energy

Question 23

Define hydrostatic pressure

Answer 23

Water causing pressure

Question 24

What does the endothelium of the blood capillaries provide?

Answer 24

Barrier to cells but not plasma proteins

Question 25

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 25

Meshwork of collagen and Glyco protein fibres

Question 26

What can pass through the basement membrane?

Answer 26

Water and small molecules

Question 27

What can’t pass through the basement membrane?

Answer 27

Proteins are too large and or a powered by negative charges on the fivers

Question 28

What is the epithelium of the Renault capture on?

Answer 28

Made of cells which are modified for filtration - podocytes

Question 29

What are podocytes?

Answer 29

Fit like extensions projecting from its surface

Question 30

Where do the extensions of the podocytes go?

Answer 30

Wrap around the capillaries of the calamari this an interlink with extension from neighbouring cells

Question 31

Where does the filtered fluid past?

Answer 31

Filtration slits

Question 32

Adaptions of the renal corpuscles

Answer 32

1. Afferent larger - more enter - hydrostatic pressure
2. Form of capillaries - inc SA
3. Cup shape - Inc SA
4. Endothelial cells = pores - plasma and small molecules, ions
5. Podocytes - flat cells, filtration slits