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10 Life Science > Excretory System > Flashcards

Excretory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal of waste products from the body

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2
Q

What are metabolic reactions?

A

All the reactions taking place in the body

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3
Q

When is nitrogenous waste form?

A

During metabolic reactions

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4
Q

How do these waste products become highly toxic?

A

If they accumulate ankle damaging body tissues

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5
Q

What would an accumulation of excess water lead to?

A

This wrapped homeostasis and lead to all sorts of complications

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6
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Maintaining the internal environment of the body in a steady state so that the cells can function properly

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7
Q

Define internal environment

A

Tissue fluid and blood make up the internal environment of the body

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8
Q

Why is the liver not and excretory organ?

A

Many waste products formed in the liver and excreted somewhere else

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9
Q

List the different types of nitrogenous waste

A
  1. Urea
  2. Uric acid
  3. Creatinine
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10
Q

How is urea formed?

A

Excess amino acids

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11
Q

What happens in the process of deamination?

A

Amino acids are broken down into ammonia and then into your area

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12
Q

How is uric acid form?

A

Breakdown of nucleic acids

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13
Q

Where is creatinine found?

A

Skeletal muscle cells

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14
Q

How is creatinine formed?

A

Creatine phosphate

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15
Q

Name non-nitrogenous waste

A
  1. Toxins and drugs
  2. Alcohol
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16
Q

What does toxins and drugs consist of?

A

Painkillers, tranquilises and nicotine

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17
Q

What is the effect of alcohol?

A

Causes permanent damage to the liver cells if a lot is drunk over a long period

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18
Q

What is the damage to liver cells known as?

A

Cirrhosis of liver

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19
Q

What are the excretory products are formed in the liver?

A
  1. Bile pigments
  2. Cholesterol
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20
Q

When are bile pigments formed?

A

From breakdown of red blood cells

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21
Q

When is cholesterol formed?

A

Breakdown of bile salts

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22
Q

How can we maintain homeostasis?

A

Get rid of waste products which continually defuses into the bloodstream

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23
Q

Where does the process of excretion take place?

A

Excretory organs

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24
Q

Name the four excretory organs

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Lungs
  3. Skin
  4. Gut/colon
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25
Q

What does the kidneys excrete?

A

All of the nitrogenous waste and non-nitrogenous waste formed in the liver

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26
Q

What does the lungs do excretion?

A

Corbin dioxide released from cellular respiration is carried to lungs in blood and exhaled

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27
Q

What is also excreted by the lungs?

A

Water and heat

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28
Q

What is released onto the surface of the skin in the foremost switch?

A

Water, salts and small amount of urea

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29
Q

Where is sweat released from?

A

Sweat glands

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30
Q

How is the body cooled?

A

Sweat evaporates and heat is lost

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31
Q

How is sweat excretion and secretion?

A

E: get rid of waste
S: maintain body temperature

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32
Q

Define secretion

A

Release of useful substances from specialise cells in the body

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33
Q

What is excreted in the colon?

A

Bile pigments and cholesterol pass into the small intestine and a funny excreted into faeces

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34
Q

What is excreted with the faeces from the gut?

A

Mucus and bacteria

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35
Q

Define egestion

A

Removal of undigested in an absolute feed material, faeces from the gut

36
Q

What is the bladder?

A

Store the urine from the kidney

37
Q

How is the urine expelled from the bladder?

A

See the urethra during urination

38
Q

What is the main function of the year in the system?

A

Maintain homeostasis by regulating the volume and concentration of body fluids

39
Q

How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?

A

Filtering and re-absorbing materials from the blood

40
Q

Where is the urinary system found?

A

The abdominal cavity

41
Q

What is the structure of the year and the system?

A

Check textbook

42
Q

Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney?

A

Pushed down by larger right lobe

43
Q

How does the urinary system act in males?

A

Urethra passes through the penis and carry both urine and semen

44
Q

How does the urinary system act in females?

A

Carries urine which exit through a separate opening in front of the vaginal opening

45
Q

What are adrenal glands?

A

Endocrine glands + supra-renal glands

46
Q

Where are the adrenal glands situated?

A

Above each kidney
Not part excretory

47
Q

What does the adrenal glands secrete?

A

Aldosterone - regulate salt concentration

48
Q

Where are the kidneys found?

A

Abdominal cavity below diaphragm

49
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

Posterior wall on either side of vertebral column

50
Q

How are the kidneys kept in position?

A

Attached to a thin layer of connective tissue – peritoneum
Attach two large renal blood vessels

51
Q

What does the kidney look like?

A

Been shaped and dark red in colour

52
Q

What is the hilum shape?

A

In a border, facing the vertebral column is concave

53
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Ureter, renal blood vessels and nerves enter and leave kidney

54
Q

Name the three layers of supportive tissue surrounding the kidney

A
  1. Renal capsule
  2. Adipose tissue
  3. Renal fascia
55
Q

What part of the kidney does the renal capsule cover?

A

Covers the kidney surface – tough, fibrous

56
Q

What part of the kidney does the adipose tissue cover?

A

Fatty middle layer

57
Q

What does the adipose tissue do?

A

Hold the kidney in place and cushions it against blows

58
Q

What part of the kidney does the renal fascia cover?

A

How to layer of fibrous connective tissue

59
Q

What does the renal fascia do?

A

And is the kidney to surrounding structures

60
Q

Defined macroscopic

A

Can be seen with naked eye

61
Q

Define microscopic

A

Can only be seen under a microscope

62
Q

What are nephrons?

A

Tiny tightly packed tubular units

63
Q

We are nephrons found?

A

Cortex and medulla areas

64
Q

What on the front responsible for?

A

Removing waste matter from the blood

65
Q

What is each tubule in the nephron made up of?

A
  1. Renal corpuscle
  2. Renal tubule
66
Q

Where is the renal corpuscle found?

A

Renal cortex

67
Q

What is the renal corpuscle made of?

A
  1. Bowman’s capsule
  2. Glomerulus
68
Q

What is the bowman’s capsule?

A

Cup-shaped structure

69
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

Cluster of capillaries

70
Q

Where is the renal tubule found?

A

Cortex and medulla

71
Q

What is the renal tubule made up of?

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule - cortex
  2. loop of Henle - medulla
  3. Distal convoluted tubule - cortex
72
Q

Where does the nephron lead to?

A

Collecting duct

73
Q

How many nephrons share the same collecting duct?

A

12 nephrons

74
Q

What is the collecting duct form?

A

Pyramids

75
Q

Why does the kidney have to be well supplied with blood vessels?

A

It maintains homeostasis by removing unwanted substances from the blood

76
Q

What to Waze is the kidney supplied with blood?

A
  1. Renal artery
  2. Renal vein
77
Q

What is the renal artery?

A

Branch of the aorta

78
Q

Where does the renal artery into the kidney?

A

At the hilum and spreads through the medulla to the cortex

79
Q

What type of blood does the renal artery carry?

A

Blood rich in nitrogenous waste

80
Q

Where does the renal artery carry the blood to?

A

Nephrons

81
Q

What type of blood does the renal vein carry?

A

Purified, deoxygenated blood from the kidney

82
Q

Where does the renal vein carries about you?

A

Inferior vena cava

83
Q

Name the three major processes as fluid pass along the nephron

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular excretion
84
Q

Short description of glomerular filtration

A

Fluid part of blood is filtered from the glomerulus into the cavity of the Bowmans capsule

85
Q

Short description of tubular reabsorption

A

Fluid flows along the renal tubule, useful substances are reabsorbed back into bloodstream

86
Q

What is tubular excretion?

A

Search an unwanted substances in the blood or actively excreted into the tubules

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