Globalization and education Flashcards
What is globalization?
An ongoing process that involves interconnected changes in technology, the economy, politics, culture and migration between nations, regions, societies and communities from around the world
What are the key factors in globalization?
Technological changes
Economical changes
Political globalization
Cultural globalization
What are economical changes?
Development of the 24-hr economy and transnational companies (amazon etc)
- often have annual revenue larger than some middle income countries
- means they have a huge influence on the government policies of the countries they operate in
What are technological changes?
-Growth of the internet
- Computer tech and the internet allowed people to connect from across the world almost instantly
> through video calls, messaging, email and social media to share ideas, experiences and individual cultures
What is political globalization?
The amount of political cooperation that exists between different countries
What is political globalization about?
The growth of international and regional mechanisms of government (The UN and European Union) since ww2
- Governments of member states increasingly restricted by international directives and laws while influencing their domestics policies
How does the growth of media affect political globalization?
Means that governments need to be conscious of how their policies and laws will play on the global stage
- could lead to sanctions from trading partners and impact future negotiations and deals
What is cultural globalization?
Movement and sharing of ideas, attitudes and cultural products across national boarders
- idea of a global culture transmitted and reinforced by internet, mass media and the transnational marketing of particular brands
What is cultural globalization about?
global culture shapes the perceptions, aspirations, tastes and everyday activities of people wherever they may live
- migration (important aspect) = several centuries of the globalization process
- cultural globalization dramatically intensified due to tech advances
(transportation and communications)
How has the globalization of the job market affected the curriculum?
- Created more competition for jobs and need for new skills
- Led to curriculum changes to ensure that students are able to compete in an international and domestic job market
What did migration do for cultural globalization?
- spread languages, religious beliefs and values by military conquest, missionary work and trade
What’s an example of curriculum changes for the job market?
Increased the importance of subjects such as modern foreign languages and computer science
(part of the English Baccalaureate)
How about international competition?
- Schools compete internationally with other schools
- Global rankings published by the organization of economic cooperation and development using the PISA test to evaluate education system around the world
How has the globalization of tech affected the curriculum?
Google and Apple influence the curriculum
- Apple educator and educator programs to train teachers who use apple to deliver lessons
- Created awards for schools that show innovation in using tech in education (only to those that routinely use apple products to teach)
What’s an example of globalization of culture affecting the curriculum?
English lit includes more diverse range of authors and poets (not just ‘dead white men’)
How do PISA tests work?
Measure academic performance of 15-16 yr old’s through randomly picking 35 students from a school in each participating country to take the test
- results = rank
How has the globalization of culture affected the curriculum?
Emphasis of how ethnocentric the curriculum was and leading for a more multicultural approach
- Migration increasing = diverse schools within students = curriculum must reflect this
- Recent curriculum changes have increased discussion of the influence of ethnic minority people within different subjects
How is competition relevant?
Uni’s try to attract international students for prestige and additional funding
- Drawn by a better work life balance, better pay and cultural experience of teaching in a diff country
= means that UK education policies need to change to compete on the international stage
What’s a statistic that supports competition?
- estimated over 15000 UK teachers are currently teaching abroad in international schools
How can PISA tests affect policy?
Policymakers may look at countries at the top to see what their doing and replicate that in their own countries to rank up
or as a focus for education reform due to falling ranking
Who speaks about hyper globalism?
Ohmae
What is hyper globalism?
globalization had a positive impact on the education system
- led to students viewing themselves as global citizens = greater tolerance and respect for differences in culture and religion
- Tech developments = students have greater access to info = higher educational achievement and critical thinking
How has globalization led to safeguarding issues?
Increased the number of safeguarding issues
- Tech developments due to globalization = schools need to be aware of internet and social media risks (cyberbullying and grooming)
- Increased risks of radicalization of vulnerable students by extremist groups thru social media (schools need to be on the lookout)
What do Marxists think about globalization?
Led to the widening of the gap between the rich and poor in education
- Opportunities that globalization provides for students are for the wealthy only
EG: international trips and exchanges that the working class cannot afford
What does Joey Spring say?
The educational agenda set by global cooperation = a digital divide between students who have access to tech and those that don’t
- disempowering teachers whose expertise is overlooked in favor of global corporations selling products to schools
What scholar spoke about Marxism and globalization?
Joey Spring
What do neoliberals think about globalization?
Globalization has had a positive impact on education
- created more opportunities for private schools and universities to expand both nationally and internationally = more opportunities for students
Why do neo liberals disagree with Marxists?
the role of global cooperation is good as it can lead to a reduction in the role of government in education and their funding = greater competition between schools = raise educational standards
What is postmodernism?
Idea that reality isn’t mirrored in human understanding but constructed as individuals find their own reality
- micro approach looking at how individuals identify tthemselve
What is postmodern society like?
postmodern society: more diverse, consumerist, fragmented, media saturated and allows individuals much more freedom of choice
How does postmodernism play a role in education?
- Schools: more consumerist and provide more individual choice
- education became more individualized, diverse, hyperreal, fragmented
