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Geography Unit 1 > Globalisation Key Words & Phrases > Flashcards

Globalisation Key Words & Phrases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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2
Q

What is a cartel?

A

A group that controls the majority of a commodity.

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3
Q

What are trade blocs?

A

Groups of countries which encourage trade within their members by removing tariffs for members and creating barriers to outsiders.

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4
Q

What is economy of scale?

A

When an a organisation becomes more efficient the larger it is.

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5
Q

What is the core?

A

The most developed and highly populated region of a country. Growth is fuelled by flows and labour resources from the periphery (less developed regions).

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6
Q

What does it mean to be ‘switched on’?

A

When nations/regions/cities are strongly connected to other places through the production and consumption of goods and services.

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7
Q

What is global shrinkage?

A

Space/time convergence.

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8
Q

How are countries interconnected?

A

Through links driven by trade, migration, technology, politics and culture.

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9
Q

Define interdependent.

A

When places are dependent on each other, and what happens in one place affects other places.

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10
Q

Define globalisation.

A

The integration of the global economy involving the growth and spread of ideas, goods, capital, people and services around the world.

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11
Q

What is capitalism?

A

An economic system and a mode of production in which trade, industries, and the means of production are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for profit.

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12
Q

What is carbon trading?

A

A market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants.

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13
Q

What characteristics are associated with a consolidating city? Give an example of one.

A

Rapid growth, high proportion of informal employment and some slum improvements. E.g. Dharavi slums, Mumbai, India.

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14
Q

What is cultural homogenisation?

A

A reduction in cultural diversity as a result of globalisation.

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15
Q

What is e-waste?

A

Discarded electrical devices. Difficult to dispose of sustainably.

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16
Q

What is the Fair Trade Movement?

A

The movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions.

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17
Q

What are flows?

A

What passes between hubs and nodes; people, investment, raw materials, culture, disease, services, information and goods.

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18
Q

What are food miles?

A

The distance food is transported from the time of it’s production until it reaches the consumer.

19
Q

What is free trade?

A

A policy in international markets where governments do not restrict imports or exports through devices such as subsidies or tariffs. E.g. The EU

20
Q

What is G8?

A

A group of leading advanced economies who meet periodically to advance their common political, economic and social goals.

21
Q

What is global shrinkage?

A

Refers to the ‘Death of Distance’ by Frances Cairncross; the idea that globalisation reduces the effect of physical distance on the free movement of people and trade.

22
Q

Define glocalisation.

A

Products and services that are developed and sold internationally but designed so that they suit the needs of local markets.

23
Q

What are green taxes/ Ecotaxes?

A

Taxes that intend to promote eco-friendly activities through economic incentives.

24
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A

When a company acquires competitors in the same industry.

25
Q

What are hubs?

A

Well-connected nodes.

26
Q

What is an IGO?

A

Inter Governmental Organisation

27
Q

What are characteristics of an immature city? Name an example.

A

Very rapid growth, very high proportion of informal employment, uncontrolled slum growth. E.g. Lagos, Nigeria

28
Q

What is the ITU?

A

International Telecommunications Union. A UN agency that promotes communication.

29
Q

What are LDCs?

A

The 48 Least Developed Countries with the highest levels of economic vulnerability.

30
Q

What are the characteristics of a mature city? Name an example.

A

Reduced growth, lower proportion of informal employment, slum regeneration. E.g. São Paulo, Brazil.

31
Q

What is a megacity?

A

A city with more than 10 million inhabitants.

32
Q

What is NAFTA?

A

The North American Free Trade Agreement. Incl. USA, Mexico and Canada.

33
Q

What is an NIC?

A

Newly Industrialised Country.

34
Q

What are nodes?

A

Connection points between flows.

35
Q

What is OECD?

A

An international economic organisation of 34 countries set up to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

36
Q

Define protectionist.

A

An economic policy of restraining trade between states through methods such as tariffs on imported goods or restrictive quotas.

37
Q

Define spatial division of labour.

A

Shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developed countries.

38
Q

What is a subsidy?

A

A form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector or business generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy (such as reducing unemployment.)

39
Q

What is a tariff?

A

A tax on imports or exports.

40
Q

What is telecommuting?

A

Working from home but accessing the company network across the internet.

41
Q

What does a ‘two speed world’ refer to?

A

The way that globalisation has benefited some countries much more than others in terms of economic development and advances in quality of life.

42
Q

Define urbanisation.

A

The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

43
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

When a company acquires it’s supply chain.

44
Q

What is the WTO?

A

World Trade Organisation. An IGO which seeks to regulate world trade.

Geography Unit 1 (30 decks)

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