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Geography Unit 1 > California > Flashcards

California Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the GDP per capita?

A

$38,956

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1
Q

What is the population of California?

A

38 million

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2
Q

What is the HDI?

A

0.95

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3
Q

What percentage of the population is aged under 18?

A

23.9%

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4
Q

What percentage of the country is aged under 14?

A

22.9%

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5
Q

What percentage of the population is below the poverty level?

A

16.9%

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6
Q

Which two plates from the conservative plate boundary?

A

Pacific plate & North American Plate

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7
Q

Why are steep coastal slopes more at risk from landslides?

A

Coastal erosion

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8
Q

What are coastal fogs caused by?

A

Atmospheric moisture and different air temperature on Pacific Ocean

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9
Q

What is a liquefaction zone?

A

Loose sand and silt that behaves like liquid when struck by an earthquake. Can act like quicksand.

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10
Q

How much slower is the NA plate than the Pacific plate?

A

4-5cm per year

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11
Q

Why is the coastal region of California prone to exceptional drought?

A

La Niña periods cause high air pressure over North America and a lack of rain.

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12
Q

What does deforestation cause?

A

Less interception of rain and a higher risk of flooding.

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13
Q

How does deforestation increase the risk of landslides?

A

Vegetation helps to stabilise soil with its roots.

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14
Q

How many acres of farmland are deforested each year?

A

50,000

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15
Q

How does urbanisation worsen flooding?

A

Concrete surfaces are impermeable so prevent percolation and encourage overland flow. Slanted roofs increase surface run off. Buildings can trigger landslides.

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16
Q

How much did the population increase by between 2010 and 2013?

A

2.9%

17
Q

In which direction are the plates moving in California?

A

North west

18
Q

What type of plate boundary is found in California?

A

Conservative

19
Q

At what speed is the Pacific plate moving?

A

5-6cm per year

20
Q

At what speed is the North American plate moving?

A

1cm per year

21
Q

What hazard does El Niño bring to California?

A

Flooding

22
Q

In 1982 how many landslides occurred after heavy rains?

A

18,000

23
Q

How many people died in the 1982 landslides?

A

Up to 33 people

24
Q

What hazard is associated with drought?

A

Forest fires

25
Q

How many people are classed as ‘poor’ in California?

A

3.5 million

26
Q

What has increased urbanisation led to?

A

Squatter settlements

27
Q

In 1989 what happened to the properties that had been built on reclaimed marshland?

A

Liquefaction

28
Q

When did the Loma Prieta earthquake occur?

A

October 1989

29
Q

What magnitude was the Loma Prieta earthquake?

A

6.9

30
Q

How many were killed or injured by the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989?

A

63 dead and 3,800 injured

31
Q

How many structures were damaged by the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989?

A

28,000

32
Q

How long did it take to restore electricity after the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989?

A

2 days

33
Q

How much aid was donated by the US government and private donations?

A

$3 billion

34
Q

What happened to the Cyprus Freeway?

A

It was rebuilt using an aseismic design.

35
Q

What was the Loma Prieta earthquake caused by in 1989?

A

A segment of the San Andreas fault ruptured under the Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz mountains. The sudden release of energy caused an earthquake.

36
Q

What does the Governor’s Office of Emergency Service provide?

A

Online support to help residents be prepared for natural hazards. It has a service which allows residents to find out which hazards they are at risk of.

37
Q

What is GPS used for?

A

It’s is installed in Southern California to detect natural disasters and to alert emergency services of the risk of flash floods.

38
Q

What is satellite technology used for?

A

It is used to make precise measurements of ground movement and can therefore predict earthquakes.

39
Q

What is SEMS?

A

Standardised Emergency Management System

40
Q

What does SEMS do?

A
  • establishes response operations
  • staffs emergency centres
  • coordinates emergency response
  • communicates between levels of government

Geography Unit 1 (30 decks)

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