Globalisation - DE-Globalisation & Demographic Trends

Question 1

How has independence of countries changed in the last few hundred years

Answer 1

increased independence movements, decolonisation

1960 = 89 independent countries
2020 = 195 independent countries

Question 2

How could the number of countries in the world change again in the next few decades

Answer 2

could have up to 300 states

not just re-gaining independence, civil wars will also cause further splits

eg. Flanders, Belgium
Catalonia, Spain

Question 3

what type of regions usually are the ones to want to gain independence

Answer 3

most affluent in their respective countries

eg. Catalonia Spain

Scotland has access to North Sea for fishing

Question 4

Examples of countries where the population is growing older

Answer 4

Western Europe
China
Japan

Question 5

Why are people living longer

Answer 5

modern medicine

historically war, disease, famine kept growth in check - COVID

Question 6

Why is it an issue that the world population in growing

Answer 6

not enough resources for all these people

how do we feed them all with the same amount of arable land and fresh water, these supplies and resources are not growing

Question 7

what do population forecasts not capture/predict

Answer 7

covid
ukraine/russia war

rural to urban migration

Question 8

where is there a particular growth in middle class

Answer 8

asia

Question 9

why is the ageing population in particular a concern

Answer 9

% of working age to overall population is decreasing
population pyramids becoming less triangular and more evenly distributed

working people have the burden of looking after both the oldest and youngest people in society

Question 10

what are the potential benefits of an ageing population

Answer 10

different demographics result in different demands and new markets opening up

medicines
geriatric nutrition
services and care for the elderly

Question 11

how does the issue of ageing sort itself out a lot in europe

Answer 11

migration

eg. Germany has an ageing population but it is also a popular location for immigration

Question 12

what is a reason that the world population is not as ‘replacement’ level

Answer 12

low fertility rates (number of children per woman)

2.1 is the replacement rate i.e. if parents gave 2 children, it replaces the parents and maintains population

Question 13

Reasons for Japan’s falling population

Answer 13

• low fertility
• hard to migrate to, hard to become a resident

Question 14

Reasons for China’s falling population

Answer 14

• one child policy when the country wanted to focus on economic wellbeing of the people
• people got better off and had higher standards of living - more expensive to raise children so had less