globalisation Flashcards
what are the 3 forms of globalisation
economic
cultural
political
examples of economic globalisation
changing sites of production
movement of TNC’s
international division of labour
expansion of capitalism worldwide
examples of cultural globalisation
increased connections between cultures, potentially bringing diversity and benefits or westernisation and damage to other cultures
examples of political globalisation
the growing importance of global institutions outside of countries e.g. UN, EU etc
- break up of old empires/ relationships
positive impacts of tourism
awareness of wider cultures
creates jobs and employment
generates income in developing countries
negative impacts of tourism
homogenisation of the world - all becoming similar in lifestyles and culture - causes destruction of culture
in some developing countries, over 2/3 of the revenue generated by international tourism never reaches the local economy
independence of thousands of small and medium size enterprises at risk - most will hardly be able to compete with foreign companies
key facts about tourism
employs 8% of the global workforce
over 54% of tourists travel to europe every year
total earned worldwide by tourism in 2006 was $733 billion
LDC’s have borrowed money from the World Bank to create tourist resorts - over $3 billion across 114 projects worldwide
how does tourism display economic globalisation
increases infrastructure developments - to attract tourists/ make tourism possible
provides employment to the local area
creates a market for products, capital and services
visitors spend money in tourist destinations
trickle down effect
increase in prices/ inflation
foreign ownership of businesses causes money to flow out of an economy
how does tourism display cultural globalisation
people have more of an awareness of other cultures (new forms)
promotes cultural exchange - sharing of traditions and languages
loss of individual culture - pseudoculture
westernisation of culture
‘tourist gaze’
how does tourism display political globalisation
(the spread of government policies and initiatives across countries)
control - travel bands
access to financial support - world bank - indebtedness
problems with fast fashion
large amounts of waste
lots of greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation of items
poor wages as the monthly minimum wage for some workers in this industry is very low - $26 a month in Ethiopia
large water consumption
water pollution with fibres
fast fashion
low-quality apparal produced rapidly to follow current trends in the industry and sold as rock-bottom prices
how does the fast fashion industry and social media contribute to the acceleration on fashion trends and consumer behaviour
celebrities and influences wear a new outfit, and the fashion brands rush to provide it quickly to fans/ consumers
relationship between fast fashion and the exploitation of workers
workload and employment unpredictable and insecure - factories expected to produce new lines at short notice
what % of plastic use does the textile secotr account for
15%
