Gender and Development Flashcards
Harrison - how does he refer to women in developing nations
as the ‘poorest of the poor’
Giele - 6 different spheres to consider women’s position
political expression - rights
work and mobility - what work & salary
family - formation, duration and size - when and who women marry and divorce
education - access and attainment
health and sexual control - control over fertility
cultural expression - do representations of women reflect reality
modernisation theory and gender
development will improve women’s position through:
- changes in the law - e.g. equal pay, equality in education, marriage/divorce
meritocratic institutions
dependency theory and gender
Gunder Frank - exploitation of surplus value - women create more surplus value by doing unpaid work
Foster-Carter - women are at the bottom of the chain of dependency
classical marxism - women in the proletariat face the same problems as men in the proletariat
feminism and gender
Maria Mies - marxist - women are exploited for their labour have have low status/ pay and opportunities
ILO - women’s work in TNC’s and EPZ’s is exploitative, and the women there are often young and have limited power/choice
receive lower pay than men due to having lower status
causes of gender inequality in the developing world
women have a domestic role and men make the important household decisions
patriarchal culture results in death and abortion of female children
women have poor health due to reproductive issues
women are barred from education and training
there are legal barriers to opportunities for women
women are not valued in the workplace
women do not have equal property rights
Leonard
foreign aid packages are led generally by men and exploit women, who are sources of cheap labour and domestic care
women are powerless in governments and thus their voices are overlooked
Wichterich
traditional patterns of development and large scale industrial production are bad for the environment and reduce power of work for women
less paid work for women, forcing them into domestic work, making them vulnerable to exploitation by men
