education and development Flashcards
how many children are estimated to be missing an education
250 million children
why are there rising numbers of children out of school
the global number of children out of school has increased by 6 million since 2021
exclusion rates of girls from education in afghanistan
which two countries are judges to have extreme risk for the education of children
Somalia - conflict, climate change and hunger
Afghanistan - taliban do not allow girls to have an education
how does hunger impact on education
345 million people are estimated to face high levels of food insecurity in 2023
this negatively impacts children’s well being and ability to learn
how has the funding gap increased for education
funding gap for education in emergencies has widened with only 30% of education in emergencies requirements being funded in 2022
modernisation theory and education
education is regarded as a method of introducing modernity
challenges traditional cultures
forms of transmitting knowledge and influencing behaviour
focus on hard work and ability leading to greater rewards
modernisation theory - Human Capital Theory - Schultz 1961
education needs to be vocational - skills necessary for the relevant work in the economy
human capital makes up for what the country lacks in cash
basic levels of education can be enough to engage in modern work practices
neoliberalism and education
demands of business need to be addressed via education - so vocational training to start with for many
continuation of ‘human capital theory’
state provision is not always the best form of education due to lack of finances
edu-businesses to supplement or replace state provision of education/ privitisation of public services
criticisms of modernisation and neoliberalism
not universal provision of basic rights to education
reproduces social inequalities - ability to even pay a small fee is out of many peoples reach
cost-cutting in private schools mean poorly trained, low paid teachers and poor resources
lack of standard approaches across schools
opportunity for corruption - fees to accept students into schools
problems with the privitisation of education
privitisation of schools widen inequalities, as it is the poor who struggle to afford it
private education is not backed up by evidence to be better than state schools
investment in education must be prioritised, using 4% of GDPP
dependency theory
poorer countries have copied structures of the west
overemphasis on higher education, at expense of primary - benefits the elite rather than everyone
special education needs not universally considered
Paulo Friere - essential for all to be able to read in order for full participation in elections and public life
feminism
majority of illiterate population are women
women also have lower rates of paid employment
4 factors that impact on girls education
gender bias
poverty
violence
child marriage
gender bias in education
may reinforce messages that affect girls ambitions
can produce labour market disparities and occupational segregation
can impact a girls perception of her role in society
this explains the reduction of girls in STEM subjects
poverty impacting girls education
studies constantly reinforce that girls who face multiple disadvantages are the farthest behind in terms of access to and completion of education
violence impacting girls’ education
can prevent girls accessing and completing education - can put girls at risk if they have to walk long distances to school
estimated that approx. 60 million girls are assaulted on their way to or at school every year - leads to lower attendance and higher dropout rates
teen pregnancies can result in stigma, and lead to drop-outs
child marriage impacting girls’ education
girls who marry younger are more likely to drop out of school
likely to have children at a younger age
more likely to experience violence by their partner
more than 41000 girls under the age of 18 marry everyday
