Globalisation Flashcards
What is Globalisation?
The increasing connectivity between countries around the world through the movement of commodities, services, capital and ideas
What are the 4 ways people and countries have become more connected?
- Economic Globalisation
- Social Globalisation
- Political Globalisation
- Cultural Globalisation
Economic Globalisation:
Increase of TNCs, information and communications - technology
Social Globalisation:
International migration, improvements in education, healthcare/social interaction
Political Globalisation:
The increase in trading blocs, free trade, global organisations (i.e. the world bank, IMF etc)
Cultural Globalisation:
Western cultural activities dominating in some areas, Glocalisation, increasing speed at which ideas are circulating
What are TNCs?
Companies who operate in many countries producing and selling goods & services
Define Glocalisation?
Changing the design of products to meet local tastes or laws
What are trading blocs?
A group of countries/organisations that work together for trading purposes
What are the different types of network flows of movement?
Capital: Money flows through the worlds stock markets
Commodities: Valuable raw materials, (fuel, fossil fuels etc) are traded
Information: (i.e. internet) which allows live time communication
Migrants: Movement of people
Tourists: Budget airlines have made it possible for people to travel further afield
Transport and trade developments:
- Some improvements in transport has increased the value and amount of trade
- Countries make profit through trading, they can then use this capital to invest in improving transportation
Steam ships:
- Britain became the leading world power in the 1800s
- Steam ships/trains moved goods/armies quickly along trade routes into Asia and Africa
Railways:
- 1800s railway networks expanded
- By 1904 Trans-Siberian railway connected Moscow with China and Japan
- Railway building remains a priority for governments today
- The proposed high speed 2 railway will have some journey times
Jet Aircraft:
- The intercontinental Boeing 747 made international travel more commonplace
- EasyJet (cheap flights sector) has brought travel to increase massively
Container shipping:
- Around 200 million individual container movements take place each year
- Goods can be transported efficiently and rapidly across the globe (using intermodal containers)
What are intermodal containers?
Large - capacity storage units which can be transported long distances using multiple types of transport e.g. shipping and rail without freight being taken out the container
Define spatial division of labour?
The common practice among TNCs of moving low-skilled work abroad to places where labour costs are low
Define the shrinking world?
Thanks to technology, distant places start to feel closer and take less time to reach
Development in ICT and Global communication:
- Technology can be used in many ways, all contributing to Globalisation
Broadband & fibre optics innovation:
- Large amounts on data are conveyed across the ocean floor by fibre optic cables
- More than 1 million kilometres of flexible undersea cables, carry all the worlds emails, searches and tweets
- Improves technology
- Improves connections between people
Telephone and the telegraph innovation:
- Core technology for communication across distance
- In real time
- No need to wait days, weeks, months for responses
The internet/social networks i.e. Skype innovation:
- Connects people and places around the world in real time
- Speeds up business between countries
- Maintain strong links between family
- Supports migration
- Breaks down geographical barriers
GIS and GPS innovation:
- Deliveries can be tracked in real time
- Increasing the growth of global production
Mobile phones innovation:
- Connecting people together
- More effectively
