Economic Migration Flashcards
What is a megacity?
A city with a population of 10 million people or more
How do megacities grow?
As a result of rural-urban migration and natural increase
What is hyper-urbanisation?
The rapid growth of megacities beyond controllable or manageable
What are the pull factors of rural urban migration?
- Employment: Most TNCs locate in urban areas which offers employment opportunities that would not occur in rural areas
- Better more improved, schools, healthcare etc
What are the push factors of rural urban migration?
- Poverty: Which is made worse by population increase and lack of job availability
- Lower wages
- ## Limited access to education
What are the social challenges of rapid urban growth?
- Insufficient affordable housing
- Limited accessibility to education & healthcare
What are the environmental challenges of rapid urban growth?
- Water pollution from untreated sewage
- Air pollution from industry and vehicles
- Loss of farmland/habitat
What is a global hub?
A highly globally connected city (‘world cities’) for example, New York, London, Tokyo
What are the types of migration?
Elite international migration
Low-waged international migration
International (rural-urban migration)
What is Elite international migration?
The movement of highly skilled, educated individuals from one country to another
What is low-waged international migration?
The movement of people from one country to another in search for low-paying jobs e.g. agriculture, hospitality
What is international (rural-urban migration)?
The movement of people from rural areas in one country to urban areas in a different country
What are the benefits to the ‘host country’ of migration?
+ Migrants can fill skills shortages
+ Economic migrants tend to be willing to do labour work e.g. working on farms
+ Some migrants may start a new business and then employ others
What are the drawbacks to the ‘host country’ of migration?
- Shortages of places within a school in some areas because of natural increase
- There could be social tension if people within the host country believe migration has caused a shortage in jobs etc
- Reduced job opportunities
What are the benefits to the ‘source country’ of migration?
+ Reduced spending on housing/healthcare
+ More job availability
+ Migrants may return with family/children bringing new knowledge or skills
