Global Test Flashcards
3 revolutions
agriculture, industrial, information
culture
a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs
cultural hearth
early center of civilization
cultural diffusion
the spreading of ideas or knowledge from one culture to another
animism
spirits inhabit natural objects in nature
atheism
disbelief in any god
montheism
belief in one god
polytheism
belief in more than one god
secularism
belief that life’s questions can be answered without religious beliefs
sect
a subdivision within religion, small group
birth rate
how many people are being born
death rate
how many people are dying
birth rate - death rate =
natural increase rate (NIR)
migration
movement from one place to another
population density
unit of people per area
zero population growth (ZPG)
population at constant level because of limiting births
negative population growth (NPG)
population declines
urbanization
making an area more urban
refugee
people fleeing their country to find safety
unitary system
all the power and authority is held by a central government
federal system
power is divided between a central government and smaller political units, like States or provinces
confederation
several independent States or regions come together to form a loose alliance
autocracy
rule by single single leader
oligarchy + example
smaller group of people has most power/Russia
democracy
the people make the decision
traditional economy
people rely on customs, traditions, and agriculture to make a living
market economy
prices +goods are determined by supply and demand
mixed economy
combines capitalism + communism
command economy
government makes all the decisions about what to produce, how to produce it, and who gets it
industrialization
process of transforming economy of a nation from agriculture to manufacturing
free trade
pact by nations to reduce exports and imports
globalization
the spread of a country across the world
local diversity
the expression of unique cultural traits
three major branches of Christianity
two major branches of Islam
2 largest religions with most followers
demography
study of human populations
infant mortality rate (IMR)
of infant deaths on a population
total fertility rate (TFR)
average # of children born to one women
2 most populated countries in the world
India, China
LDC
less developed countries
MDC
more developed countries
totalitarian + example
leader has absolute control, North Korea
dictatorship + example
government by a dictator, North Korea
monarchy + example
single person, the monarch, holds supreme authority - Saudi Arabia
theocracy + example
religious leaders hold political power, Iran
direct democracy
citizens directly participate in making decisions and laws, not representatives
representative democracy
citizens elect representatives to make decisions and create laws on behalf of U.S.
sovereignty
supreme power and authority
which system of government is the U.S.
Federal
which type of government is the U.S.
representative democracy
free market
prices are determined competition between businesses
laissez faire
“let it be” in French, advocated for minimal government interventions in economy
capitalism
people can start their own businesses, make profits, and invest in their ideas
Adam smith
father of capitalism
Karl marx
father of communism
communism
wealth + resources are shared equally among all people
command economy
government makes all of the decisions
socialism
will promote some form or private property, and civil liberties to maintain an equal level of access to resources
mixed economy
combines capitalism + communism
supply + demand chart
supply goes up, demand down + demand goes up, supply goes down (invisible hand)
renewable resources
water, solar energy, heat, plants, wind
nonrenewable resources
coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear energy
tariff
tax on exports + imports
embargo
ban of trade
quota
of product needed to be made
UN
United Nations
what does the UN focus on doing?
creating peace
