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Social Studies > Global Test > Flashcards

Global Test Flashcards

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1
Q

3 revolutions

A

agriculture, industrial, information

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2
Q

culture

A

a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs

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3
Q

cultural hearth

A

early center of civilization

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4
Q

cultural diffusion

A

the spreading of ideas or knowledge from one culture to another

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5
Q

animism

A

spirits inhabit natural objects in nature

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6
Q

atheism

A

disbelief in any god

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7
Q

montheism

A

belief in one god

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8
Q

polytheism

A

belief in more than one god

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9
Q

secularism

A

belief that life’s questions can be answered without religious beliefs

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10
Q

sect

A

a subdivision within religion, small group

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11
Q

birth rate

A

how many people are being born

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12
Q

death rate

A

how many people are dying

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13
Q

birth rate - death rate =

A

natural increase rate (NIR)

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14
Q

migration

A

movement from one place to another

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15
Q

population density

A

unit of people per area

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16
Q

zero population growth (ZPG)

A

population at constant level because of limiting births

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17
Q

negative population growth (NPG)

A

population declines

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18
Q

urbanization

A

making an area more urban

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19
Q

refugee

A

people fleeing their country to find safety

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20
Q

unitary system

A

all the power and authority is held by a central government

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21
Q

federal system

A

power is divided between a central government and smaller political units, like States or provinces

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22
Q

confederation

A

several independent States or regions come together to form a loose alliance

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23
Q

autocracy

A

rule by single single leader

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24
Q

oligarchy + example

A

smaller group of people has most power/Russia

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25
Q

democracy

A

the people make the decision

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26
Q

traditional economy

A

people rely on customs, traditions, and agriculture to make a living

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27
Q

market economy

A

prices +goods are determined by supply and demand

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28
Q

mixed economy

A

combines capitalism + communism

29
Q

command economy

A

government makes all the decisions about what to produce, how to produce it, and who gets it

30
Q

industrialization

A

process of transforming economy of a nation from agriculture to manufacturing

31
Q

free trade

A

pact by nations to reduce exports and imports

32
Q

globalization

A

the spread of a country across the world

33
Q

local diversity

A

the expression of unique cultural traits

34
Q

three major branches of Christianity

A
35
Q

two major branches of Islam

A
36
Q

2 largest religions with most followers

A
37
Q

demography

A

study of human populations

38
Q

infant mortality rate (IMR)

A

of infant deaths on a population

39
Q

total fertility rate (TFR)

A

average # of children born to one women

40
Q

2 most populated countries in the world

A

India, China

41
Q

LDC

A

less developed countries

42
Q

MDC

A

more developed countries

43
Q

totalitarian + example

A

leader has absolute control, North Korea

44
Q

dictatorship + example

A

government by a dictator, North Korea

45
Q

monarchy + example

A

single person, the monarch, holds supreme authority - Saudi Arabia

46
Q

theocracy + example

A

religious leaders hold political power, Iran

47
Q

direct democracy

A

citizens directly participate in making decisions and laws, not representatives

48
Q

representative democracy

A

citizens elect representatives to make decisions and create laws on behalf of U.S.

49
Q

sovereignty

A

supreme power and authority

50
Q

which system of government is the U.S.

A

Federal

51
Q

which type of government is the U.S.

A

representative democracy

52
Q

free market

A

prices are determined competition between businesses

53
Q

laissez faire

A

“let it be” in French, advocated for minimal government interventions in economy

54
Q

capitalism

A

people can start their own businesses, make profits, and invest in their ideas

55
Q

Adam smith

A

father of capitalism

56
Q

Karl marx

A

father of communism

57
Q

communism

A

wealth + resources are shared equally among all people

58
Q

command economy

A

government makes all of the decisions

59
Q

socialism

A

will promote some form or private property, and civil liberties to maintain an equal level of access to resources

60
Q

mixed economy

A

combines capitalism + communism

61
Q

supply + demand chart

A

supply goes up, demand down + demand goes up, supply goes down (invisible hand)

62
Q

renewable resources

A

water, solar energy, heat, plants, wind

63
Q

nonrenewable resources

A

coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear energy

64
Q

tariff

A

tax on exports + imports

65
Q

embargo

A

ban of trade

66
Q

quota

A

of product needed to be made

67
Q

UN

A

United Nations

68
Q

what does the UN focus on doing?

A

creating peace

Social Studies (22 decks)

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