Global: states and globalisation Flashcards
realist view of globalisation?
sceptical - the nation state is the most important actor in global politics - political globalisation has led to an increase in IGO’s which can often damage state soverignty, despite them being useful in some cases. sovereign power should not be given to IGOs.
liberal view of globalisation?
globalisation has been a force for good - it has massively reduced poverty, encouraged interconnectedness between states. pooling of sovereignty through political globalisation is positive, as it reduces the risk of tyranny arising. cultural globalisation also helps to spread liberal values and a culture of human rights.
drivers of economic globalisation?
the massive growth of technology. the move towards a world economic (neoliberal) system; this followed the fall of communism in the east post 1991. cultural convergence leading to increased demand for goods from around the world - this leads to hugely increased global trade.
drivers of political globalisation?
fall of communism in the east, spread of political ideas via the internet, eg BLM movement - protests occurred in a multitude of countries. women’s rights movement spreading to iran regarding the mandation of the hijab - occured via the internet.
drivers of cultural globalisation?
american liberal ideology has led to a growth in a culture of consumerism, leading to the spread of branded goods/fast food chains etc around the world.
positive impacts of economic globalisation?
In 1980, 84% of China’s and 60% of India’s populations lived in absolute poverty (US$1 per day or less). In 2016 (most recent figure) this was down to 0.5% in China and in 2022 (most recent figure) it was 16 % in India. China used their enormous supply of cheap labour to manufacture and export low-cost goods, before moving on to higher cost electronic goods. India’s strategy when it entered the global economy in the 1990s was to boost IT training in order to grow their middle class by selling IT services to the world.
negative impacts of economic globalisation?
World Trade Organisation rules are biased towards wealthy states. They have permitted ‘dumping’ of cheap products by wealthy states in developing country markets, destroying their less efficient industries. A handful of the world’s poorest countries, in particular the “Cotton Four” (Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad and Benin) that are particularly dependent on cotton exports for employment and foreign exchange earnings— have struggled to survive in the face of the heavily subsidised U.S.cotton industry.
positive impacts of political globalisation?
In the 1970s, the economies of North and South Korea were roughly equal. Today, globalised South Korea’s output is 17 times greater, and is the 6th largest exporter of IT, telecoms hardware and cars. The average 20-year old South Korean is 6cm taller than the average North Korean, due to better nutrition.
negative impacts of political globalisation?
undermines state sovereignty. some (especially realists) would say that the standardisation of western liberalism (and indirect enforcement by IGOs) undermines the sovereignty of countries like Iran, with traditional values.
positive impacts of cultural globalisation?
progressive values have become widespread - eg protest emerging in iran against the enforcement of the hijab, as well as BLM protests around the world. furthermore cultural exports provide countries with opportunities for exports and trade.
negative impacts of cultural globalisation?
cultural homogenisation - it could be argued that the spread of western customs and traditions erodes important and interesting cultures in different parts of the world.
2 essay structures for writing about impacts of globalisation?
1:
ECONOMIC
POLITICAL
CULTURAL
2:
impact on human rights
impact on poverty and inequality
impact on state sovereignty
