global-politics-flashcards-complete

Question 1

multilateralism

Answer 1

When three or more states convene in order to make resolutions to solve specific objectives

Question 2

nation

Answer 2

A group of people with a common shared culture and heritage with a history

Question 3

global governance

Answer 3

The enforcement of government policies on a worldwide scale in order to achieve a common goal

Question 4

sovereignty

Answer 4

The legitimate or widely recognised ability to exercise effective control of a territory within recognised borders. State sovereignty can be challenged internally (secessionist groups) or externally (invasion)

Question 5

national interests

Answer 5

The interests pursued to ensure survival and growth of a state. States implement policies and power types to achieve these interests and maintain sovereignty

Question 6

power

Answer 6

The ability of one global actor to influence the actions of another global actor through various types

Question 7

security

Answer 7

Protection of borders and sovereignty through military power traditionally. Now includes softer security like resource access and environmental protection

Question 8

idealism (relates to policy decisions)

Answer 8

Policy influenced primarily by ideological principles rather than practical considerations

Question 9

pragmatism (relates to policy decisions)

Answer 9

Policy influenced primarily by practical considerations rather than ideology

Question 10

realism (approach to international relations)

Answer 10

Focus on self-interest and state sovereignty over global cooperation and collective action

Question 11

cosmopolitanism (approach to international relations)

Answer 11

Focus on global cooperation and collective wellbeing over individual state interests

Question 12

crisis diplomacy

Answer 12

Negotiations between global actors in response to an abrupt change requiring rapid response

Question 13

political power

Answer 13

China Uyghur case:
‘We continue to be gravely concerned about the human rights situation in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region’ - Joint statement from 47 UN states
China states aim to combat ‘hardline Islamic extremism’
12,000 deaths documented by Chinese historian Ethan Gutmann

Question 14

diplomatic power

Answer 14

Russia in 2022 VETO’d a UN referenda to condemn themselves, a Ukranian representative commented on this, calling Russia a “cancerous tumour that should be removed before it metastasizes.”

Question 15

cultural power

Answer 15

Panda Diplomacy

When in late 2023 the 3 New York US pandas were sent back to China, Dennis Wilder called it “punitive panda diplomacy”, noting similar happened in 2 other American zoos.

Question 16

economic power

Answer 16

Belt Road Initiative:
$1 trillion USD invested by end of 2023
$19.1 trillion USD trade between China and BRI states 2013-2023
99-year lease on Sri Lanka’s Hambantota port due to loan default

Question 17

non state actors (legal)

Answer 17

Catholic Church:
64.63% of Brazil’s population is Roman Catholic
Signed Paris Accords 2015
‘necessary to consolidate our efforts in favor of integral ecology’ - Cardinal Parolin

Question 18

non state actors (illegal)

Answer 18

ISIS:
June 2014: Declared caliphate in Iraq and Syria territories
Captured Mosul, Iraq’s second-largest city June 2014
Aims: ‘Carrying out acts of terrorism to instill fear, disrupt societies’

Question 19

human rights international law

Answer 19

UNCRC 1989: 42 articles protecting children
CEDAW 1979: Article 2 requires abolishing discrimination
ICC: 123 signatories, ‘Court of Last Resort’

Question 20

human rights effectiveness challenges

Answer 20

Egypt: 86% women undergo FGM despite 1981 CEDAW ratification. Culturally, FGM goes back in Egypt goes back to 5th Century BC

Question 21

human rights global actor responses

Answer 21

India Supreme Court 2017: Criminalized under-18 marriage citing UNCRC Article 34

Most of the western world still deal with Saudi Arabia, even though Grand Mufti Sheikh Al Abdulaziz said that its wrong to state that 13 year olds should not be married off

Question 22

people movement international law

Answer 22

1951 Refugee Convention:
Article 3: Non-discrimination
Article 33: Non-refoulement principle

Question 23

people movement effectiveness challenges

Answer 23

Japan: 47 refugees accepted from 10,375 applications (2021), they’d rather prioritize economics; Their Specified Skilled Worker visa launched in 2019 aims to bring up to 345,000 foreign workers over five years to fill gaps in industries. However, Japans acceptance rate for refugees remains one of the lowest among developed countries. Only 47 out of 10,375 applications in 2021 were selected.

Australia: ‘We are in a fierce contest with these people smugglers’ - PM Abbott justifying turnbacks

Question 24

people movement global actor responses positively (Germany)

Answer 24

following articles 3 and 33
Germany: 1 million+ refugees accepted 2015
‘If Europe fails on the question of refugees, then it won’t be the Europe we wished for’ - Merkel
1% annual GDP increase following acceptance accaording to the German Institute of Economic Research

Question 25

economic instability boom bust

Answer 25

Venezuela:
929,790% inflation rate 2018
Oil price dropped $100 to $30 (2014-2016)
99% income from oil exports
65% GDP contraction 2013-2019

Question 26

economic instability global responses

Answer 26

Greece:
146.2% debt-to-GDP ratio 2010
300 billion euros IMF bailout 2014
25% economic contraction 2008-2016

Question 27

armed conflict key aspects

Answer 27

Yemen:
‘World’s worst humanitarian crisis’ - UN
22 million face food insecurity 2023
Ukraine:
$135 billion damage reported

Question 28

armed conflict responses

Answer 28

US $110 billion Saudi arms sale
US $50 billion Ukraine assistance 2023
ICC Putin arrest warrant March 2023
Oman peace talks April 2023

Question 29

china aid foreign policy

Answer 29

Belt Road Initiative:
$1 trillion invested by 2023
$19.1 trillion trade 2013-2023
Sri Lanka port 99-year lease

Question 30

china trade foreign policy

Answer 30

‘China’s discriminatory actions are in breach of WTO rules’ - Birmingham 2020
212% wine tariff increase 2020
$123 Billion Australia exports 2022

Question 31

china military foreign policy

Answer 31

‘We have to defend our territorial waters and our sovereignty… We will not allow a single square millimeter to be trampled upon’ - Marcos Jr. 2023
$3.37 Trillion trade through South China Sea 2016
60% world maritime trade route

Question 32

china economic prosperity interest

Answer 32

South China Sea:
$3.37 Trillion annual trade
60% world maritime trade
Controls 3 militarized islands, 20 occupied

Question 33

china international standing interest

Answer 33

47 UN states ‘gravely concerned’ over Xinjiang
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ‘commends’ Muslim treatment
12,000 deaths documented by historian Gutmann

Question 34

china regional relationships interest

Answer 34

South China Sea disputes with neighbors
‘We will defend our territory’ - Marcos Jr. 2023
Maritime trade route control challenges

Question 35

china national security interest

Answer 35

Uyghur policy citing ‘Islamic extremism’
South China Sea military presence
Border territory control measures

Question 36

samsung

Answer 36

22% of South Koreas GDP
Suk-hoon, editor for the Washington Post; “the chairman of Samsung is more important than the president of South Korea”

Human Rights Resource Center, Samsung is “at best skirting local laws” and at worst violating human rights. Shows through “underpaid labour”