AOS1 Flashcards
Describe your TNC
They breed corruption through lobbying
They push down local businesses due to their access to foreign trade
(Challenge to State Sovereignty with them being 22% of South Korea’s GDP in 2022)
“You can even say the Samsung chairman is more powerful than the President of South Korea”
Sukhoon, editor of WashingtonPost
Aim (according to their investor report in 2022); Maximise returns to investors
Abuse of Power; has 8 factories in India as of 2022, Human Rights Resource Centre found they were “at best skirting local laws” with wages
Describe Contested Borders
Contested borders challenge state sovereignty, example is the Russo-Ukraine war. Take the Russo-Ukraine war, which has been reported to have caused over $135 billion dollars worth of damage, with critical key infrastructure such as hospitals and schools being destroyed. Putin, Russia’s leader, justified this challenge to sovereignty by digging deeper, with him arguing that “Ukraine is not a real country”, and that Ukranians and Russians are “one people”.
Describe the ICC
123 Signatories
Court of Last Resort
Aims;
Promote international peace and security through deterrance
Serve as a court of law resort that can investigate, prosecute and punish the perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc
In March 2023 they issued arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin, this shows weakness in its action as it relies on host states to allow them to enforce their own power, Russia is not a signatory to the ICC.
They have indicted 44 individuals, which shows some form of power, however these are primarily African individuals and isn’t really the greatest form of evidence.
Describe the IMF
190 signatories
Lender of Last Resort
Aims;
To promote international money exchange
To provide assistance to member states experiencing balance of payments difficulties
Coming off of the 2009 economic crisis in Greece, they were unable to meet their debt to the IMF. Because of this the IMF gave 300 billion euros over the course since its original bailout in 2014. They forced Greece to cut pension pay and to increase taxes particularly in the middle class, saving 3% off of the GDP of Greece.
Describe the illegal NSA
Aims;
Carrying out acts of terrorism to instill fear, disrupt societies, and gain international attention.
In territories it controlled, ISIS attempted to implement its interpretation of Islamic governance, including judicial, educational, and social systems based on its strict views.
Power: ISIS’s power was based on military strength, psychological warfare, and control over territories and populations at its height.
One clear case of ISIS challenging state sovereignty occurred in Iraq and Syria from 2014 onwards. In June 2014, ISIS declared the establishment of a caliphate in territories it controlled in Iraq and Syria, directly challenging the sovereignty of these states. The capture of Mosul, Iraq’s second-largest city, by ISIS forces in June 2014, was a significant demonstration of this challenge. This move not only posed a military threat but also undermined the authority of the Iraqi government, leading to a crisis of statehood and sovereignty.
Describe the legal NSA
Roman Catholic Church
Issue: Global Warming
Signed onto Paris Accords agreement in 2015
“an issue that - like climate change - is in danger of being overshadowed.” - Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin
Brazil is Roman Catholic - 64.63%, and they although were struggling, are getting back on track following the words of the Roman Catholic Church.
Aims;
- Care for the stewardship of creation
Describe the UN
193 signatories
Aims;
Maintain international peace and security
Friendly nations between nations based on equal rights
Weakness; not legally binding, this is shown in the Paris Agreement with countries such as Brazil failing to meet their pledges for the Paris Accords in 2016 and instead doing revisions in the later part of the 2010s. The P5 are also monopolistic in their power and this affects any resolutions made for example about Ukraine, with Russia blocking most of them. The UNP10 are kinda just stuffed.
UN Peacekeeping has 6.7 billion dollars in annual budget, In 2016, the UN established a political mission in Colombia to monitor and verify the implementation of the peace agreement between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). The UN’s involvement has been pivotal in overseeing the disarmament process, monitoring the ceasefire, and contributing to the reintegration of former combatants into civilian life.
Describe Nation
Refers to groups of people claiming common bonds based on culture, language and history. Some nations have their own state, such as the Japanese, while others want their own state such as the Tibetans and Kurds.
Describe State
Traditionally this term refers to the central actor in global politics. States possess a permanent population, defined territory and recognised sovereignty. States are not necessarily culturally homogenous, for example Australia.
Describe Global Governance
Refers to institutions, rules, norms and legal arrangements that seek to facilitate cooperation, and manage relations, between states. Governance is carried out by both governmental organisations such as the United Nations and non-governmental organisations.
Describe Multilateralism
Refers to a system of coordinating relations between three or more global actors, usually in pursuit of specific objectives.
Globalisation
Refers to acceleration and intensification of exchanges of goods, services, labour and capital, which promote global interdependence. These have been facilitated by rapid changes in communication and technology.
Power
Refers to the ability of one global actor to influence the actions of another global actor. Power can be exercised in a range of types.
Sovereignty
Legitimate or widely recognised ability to exercise effective control of a territory within recognised borders. This is the primary organising principle of global politics, providing states with the authority to represent their territorial entity within the international community. State sovereignty can be challenged internally (for example, secessionist groups) or externally (for example, one state invades another).
