Global health Flashcards
Define under 5 mortality rate
- the probability a child dies before the age of 5
Define infant mortality rate
- the probability a child will die before 1yrs
Define neonatal mortality rate
- probability a child will die in first month
What are the common causes of under 5 mortality globally
- preterm birth complications
- pneumonia
- intra-patrum related complications
- diarrhoea
Simple antenatal measures
- tetanus vaccine
- treatment of maternal HIV, syphills, malaria
Describe kangaroo care?
- baby wrapped close to mum
- temperature and breathing regulation
Common organisms that causes pneumonia?
- s.pneumonia
- h.influenza
- PCP
PCP infected children are often commonly___
- HIV positive
Risk factors for pneumonia?
- malnutrition
- over crowding
- indoor air pollution
Common organisms that cause diarrhoea?
- e.coli
- rotavirus
Prevention of diarrhoea
- safe drinking water
- sanitation
- breast feeding
- vaccine for rotavirus
Treatment of diarrhoea?
- oral rehydration solution
- zinc supplements
What is ORS
- oral rehydration solution
- glucose
- salt
- water
What can be done to prevent newborn deaths?
- excuse breastfeeding
- skilled attendants
- access to nutrition
- family knowledge
- water, sanitation and hygiene
- immunisations
When is a mother likely to pass HIV onto her child?
- during pregnancy
- delivery
- breast feeding
How can mother to child transmission of HIV be reduced?
- maternal lifelong antiretroviral treatment
- screen for STDs
- infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks
When are infants screened for HIV
6 weeks
9 months
18 months
Symptoms of HIV in child?
- sever common illnesses
- recurrent oral candidiasis
- meningitis
- failure to thrive
How is HIV diagnosed in a child <18months?
- PCR
How is HIV diagnosed in a child >18months
- rapid antibody test
Treatment of HIV in a child?
- HAART
Symptoms of TB in a child?
- chronic cough
- fever
- night sweats
- weight loss
Investigations for TB?
- CXR
- Mantoux
- sputum - acid fast bacilli
Treatment of TB
- 2 months RIPE
- 4 months RI
