Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Child health > Conditions of the neonate > Flashcards

Conditions of the neonate Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 broad causes of a complication in the neonate?

A
  • premature

- congenital defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What sign is seen on x-ray for a bowel perforation?

A
  • Rigler’s sign

- double wall sign, both sides of the bowel wall have gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Obstruction in the lumen of the bowel may present with what symptom?

A
  • green liquid vomit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What may treat a bowel obstruction, non-surgically?

A
  • injection of contrast into rectum may unblock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What would a contrast x-ray of a bowel obstruction in the neonate appear as?

A
  • distended small bowel loops

- contrast only so far

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Meconium ileus is a common cause of what surgical problem?

A
  • bowel obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Meconium ileus may be a presenting feature of what condition?

A
  • cystic fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Symptoms of jejunal atresia?

A
  • distended abdomen and vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contrast x-ray of jejunal atresia?

A
  • no visible way for contrast to get through

- proximal distended bowel loops to blind end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of jejunal atresia?

A
  • surgical removal of blind ends and joining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hernias in the neonate are often?

A
  • male babies
  • inguinal region
  • compression of the bowel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hernia diagnosis in the neonate?

A
  • clinical

- x-ray (laddering of bowel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Laddering of bowel on abdominal x-ray of the neonate may be a sign of?

A
  • inguinal hernia and bowel compression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of malrotation?

A

-vomiting green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vomiting green fluid in the neonate is _____ until proven otherwise?

A
  • malrotation

- surgical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

X-ray contrast signs of bowel malrotation?

A
  • appendix on wrong side (left)

- swirling of bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dead bowel when surgically treating malrotation may result in?

A
  • ileostomy

- colostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal blood supply to the DJ flexure?

A
  • superior mesenteric artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neonate describes a baby up to what age?

A
  • 28 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What scoring system is used to assess neonates?

A
  • Apgar score
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal heart rate of a neonate born at term?

A
  • 120-140

- up to 160 if preterm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate of a neonate born at term?

A
  • 40-60
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the normal neonate temperature?

A
  • 36.5-37.5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a good central access point in a neonate?

A
  • umbilical route
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is number 1 on initial management of a neonate?
- temperature
26
What are signs of neonatal sepsis?
- lethargy - poor feeding - tachypnoea - high or low temperature - floppiness - pallor
27
What should be given during initial management of sick neonate before infection can be ruled out?
- antibiotics
28
What are common organisms in bacterial infections of the neonate?
- group b strep - s.aureus - e.coli
29
What is a common viral infection of the neonate?
- cytomegalovirus | - herpes virus
30
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn is caused by what?
- fluid in lung not cleared | - caesarean delivery
31
What may cause congenital heart failure?
- hydrops foetalis
32
Name 2 congenital heart diseases?
- tetralogy of fallot | - coarctation of the aorta
33
Describe Potter's syndrome?
- anhydraminos
34
Risk factors for a pre-term baby
- Interval of <6months between pregnancies - IVF - smoking - alcohol - poor nutrition
35
Management of a pre-term baby?
- delay cord clamping - keep baby warm - gently lung inflmtion - saturations
36
Why are pre-term babies at risk of hypothermia?
- low BMR - minimal muscular activity - minimal subcutaneous fat - high surface area to body ratio
37
Treatment of hypothermia?
- wraps or bags - transformer mattress - sin to skin - pre-warmed incubator
38
Organism causes of early onset sepsis?
- group B strep
39
Late onset sepsis organism causes?
- s.aureus | - s. epidermis
40
What is the primary pathology in respiratory distress syndrome?
- surfactant deficiency | - structural immaturity
41
Symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome?
- tachpnoea - intercostal recession - cyanosis - nasal flaring
42
Ground glass appearance on newborn chest x-ray may indicate?
- respiratory distress syndrome
43
Management of respiratory distress syndrome?
- maternal steroid - surfactant - ventilation
44
What is given for treatment in a patent ductus arteriosus?
- prostaglandin synthase inhibitor | - NSAIDs
45
What is the consequences of intraventricular haemorrhage?
- impaired drainage and reabsorption of cerebral spinal fluid - head circumference increased - neurodvelopmental and mortality associated
46
What treatment may be required in a intraventricular haemorrhage?
- shunt
47
Explain necrotising enterocolitis?
- bacteria in the gut, translocates into blood
48
What babies are at higher risk of necrotising enterocolitis?
- preterm babies fed cow's milk formula
49
What are the symptoms of necrotising enterocolitis?
- Distended abdomen | - distended bowel loops on x-ray
50
Treatment of necrotising enterocolitis?
- stop feed | - antibiotics
51
When would a chorionic villus sample be taken?
- 11th-14th week
52
Risks associated with a chorionic villus sample?
- miscarriage | - infection
53
When is a termination legally allowed?
- most carried out before 24 weeks
54
What genetic test is used to investigate a whole genome?
- cCGH
55
What areas of the neonate should be examined with a stethoscope (cardio)
- aortic - pulmonary - tricuspid - mitral - mid-scapular
56
What is the name of the 2 hip examinations for developmental hip dysplasia?
- Barlow | - Ortonali
57
What classifies small for gestational age?
- less than 10th percentile
58
Describe asymmetrical small for gestational age?
- head of normal circumference - body weight decreased - nutritional?
59
Causes of a small baby
o Smoking o Drugs (methadone) o Viral infections (Rubella)
60
Jaundice in a neonate <24hrs may suggest?
- haemolytic process | - infection
61
Prolonged jaundice is defined as?
- 14days in term | - 21 days in preterm
62
What scoring system is used in NAS?
- Modified Finnegan Score
63
When is NAS treatment recommended and what is treatment?
o NAS score 3 scores > 8, measured 4 hours apart | o Morphine
64
Risk factors for neonatal hypoglycaemia?
- Diabetic mum - Beta-blocker used in mum - Small for gestational age/premature (under 2nd centile) - Baby cold

Child health (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions