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Geograpghy > Global Hazards > Flashcards

Global Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 structures of the earth called?

A

1 - Inner core
2 - Outer core
3 - The mantle
4 - The crust

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2
Q

What is the inner core made up of?

A

Its sold and its made up of iron and nickel

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3
Q

What temperature can the inner core reach?

A

5500*c

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4
Q

What is the outer core made up of?

A

It is a liquid layer and is made out of iron and nickel

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5
Q

How thick is the mantle?

A

2900km

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6
Q

What is the mantle made up of?

A

Semi-molten rock called magma

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7
Q

Is the rock in the mantle soft or hard?

A

The rock is harder in the upper parts but then in the lower parts it is soft and begins to melt

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8
Q

How thick is the crust?

A

0 - 60km

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9
Q

What state is the rock in the crust?

A

It is hard

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10
Q

What are the two different types of crust?

A

1 - Continental crust

2 - Oceanic Crust

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11
Q

What creates convection currents?

A

Heat rising and falling inside the mantle

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12
Q

What are convection currents generated by?

A

Radioactive decay in the core

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13
Q

What do plate tectonics create?

A

Earthquakes and volcanoes

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14
Q

What happens at a tensional, constructive or divergent boundary?

A

The plates move apart

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15
Q

What happens at a compressional, destructive or convergent boundary?

A

The plates move towards each other

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16
Q

What happens at a conservative or transform boundary?

A

The plates slide past each other

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17
Q

What can a destructive boundary also be called?

A

A collision boundary

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18
Q

What are the 3 atmospheric cells called?

A

Hadley, Ferrrel and the polar cell

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19
Q

What is the largest atmospheric cell called?

A

Hadley

20
Q

Between what *C is the Hadley cell?

A

30 - 40*C North and South

21
Q

What is the middle atmospheric cell called?

A

The ferrel cell

22
Q

Between what *C is the ferrel cell?

A

60 - 70*C

23
Q

What is the smallest and weakest atmospheric cell?

A

The polar

24
Q

What *C is the polar cell?

A

90*C

25
Q

What temperatures does El Nino create?

A

Warmer

26
Q

What temperatures does La Nina create?

A

Cooler

27
Q

How long do La Nina and El Nino episodes last?

A

9 - 12 months

28
Q

Which occurs more La Nina or El Nino?

A

El Nino

29
Q

Which countries get warmer due to El Nino?

A

Australia and North America

30
Q

What are the physical causes of tropical storms?

A

They are over tropical and sub-tropical water between 5 - 30C North and South of the equator. The surface ocean above 26.5C & depth of at least 50 - 60m, and at least 500m away from the equator so Coriolis effect is strong enough to spin weather systems.

31
Q

What are some other names for tropical storms?

A

Cyclones, Hurricanes and Typhoons

32
Q

Is a tropical storm at high or low pressure?

A

Low

33
Q

How high do the wind speeds need to be to be classified as a tropical storm?

A

75mph

34
Q

What is the centre of the storm called?

A

The eye

35
Q

What is the most destructive part of the storm called?

A

The eye wall

36
Q

How fast to the wind speeds need to be to be classified as a grade 5 hurricane?

A

155mph

37
Q

What are the physical causes of drought?

A

El Nino brings descending air & high pressure causing drought.

38
Q

What increases as global temps increase?

A

Evaporation

39
Q

What happens in constructive plate boundaries?

A

The plates move apart, the magma seeps up through the fissures , this faults and cools instantly causing solified rock, and also a shield volcano in the mid-Atlantic ridge

40
Q

What happens in destructive plate boundaries?

A

The plates move towards each other - oceanic & continental and oc sub ducts as denser oc melts in the mantle causing a composite volcano. On the Eurasian plate

41
Q

What happens in conservative plate boundaries?

A

They move along side each other, earthquakes can only be on the same side or opposite, sliding past one another e.g. on the San Andreas fault line

42
Q

What happens in destructive collision plate boundaries?

A

When earthquakes only moving towards each other at the same densities, which buckle upwards anticline + syncline. The geosyncline sedimentary compressed layers fold mountains

43
Q

What is a hotspot?

A

A fixed point in the mantle which create intense heat in a mantle pume. The area of hot magma which are small and long-lasting which sustain volcanic activity. The magma erupts through the crust which then the pume reaches the crust causing the crus to dome and crack.

44
Q

Where is Haiti?

A

In the northern hemisphere near Jamaica and Cubs

45
Q

Which plate boundary is Haiti on?

A

The Caribbean

46
Q

What type of plate boundary is Haiti on?

A

Destructive

47
Q

How many were made homeless due to Haiti?

A

1 million

Geograpghy (7 decks)

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