global hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

what does weather mean

A

day to day conditions of atmosphere, involiving temperature, precipitation and wind.

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2
Q

what does climate mean

A

average weather conditions recorded over a period for at least 30 years.

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3
Q

what happens to temperature further away from equator

A

gets cooler

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4
Q

what happens to temperatures closer to equator

A

gets warmer, closer to solar radiation

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5
Q

why does coastline reduce temperature

A

sea winds

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6
Q

what factors affect climate

A

latitude, altitude, wind ocean currennts, continentality

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7
Q

atmosphere

A

air above us containing co2, o2, water vapour etc.

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8
Q

circulation

A

circular air movements called cells that join together to form the overall circulation of the Earth’s atmosphere.

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9
Q

what type of air pressure occurs when the air is sinking

A

high pressure

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10
Q

what type of air pressure occurs when the air is rising

A

low pressure

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11
Q

how does wind travel

A

direction of high air pressure to low air pressure, balancing out variations in air pressure which is why it has a direction.

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12
Q

where does high pressure occur

A

dry stable conditions

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13
Q

where does low pressure occur

A

wet unstable conditions

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14
Q

why is there low air pressure on the equator

A
  1. suns light concentrated over small area around equator
  2. therefore thermal insolation greatest at equator
  3. air therefore rises at equator creating low air pressure
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15
Q

what does ITCZ stand for

A

Inter Tropical Convergence Zone

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16
Q

how does the low pressure around equator create the ITCZ

A

low pressure characterized by heavy rain, thunderstorms as warm air can carry more moisture and rises to form clouds at the equator. this zone is called ITCZ

17
Q

how is the Hadley Cell formed

A
  1. rising air from ITCZ moves laterally towards poles.
  2. air eventually cools as recieves less thermal insolation and descends causing high pressure.
  3. characterises dry conditions of areas such as sahara
  4. falling air rushes to adjacent areas of low pressure such as equator to balance out air pressure, resulting in trade winds.
  5. this circular process completes the Hadley Cell
  6. repeats further north and south to form Ferrel and Polar cells
18
Q

natural hazard

A

extreme natural event or process that can lead to loss of life and or extreme damage to property and severely disrupts human activity.

19
Q

what type of cells are the hadley, ferrel and polar cell

A

convection cells

20
Q

what happens to the air at the equator

A

The Earth’s surface is warmed by the Sun at the equator and transmits this heat to the nearby air which gets hotter and rises. The rising, hot air forms a low-pressure belt. As the hot air rises, the air will begin to cool, with water vapour condensing, creating rain and clouds.
The rising air cools and moves away from the equator towards 30 degrees north and south.

21
Q

what happens at 30 degrees north and south

A

At 30 degrees north and south, the air is further from the equator and the cool air falls resulting in a high-pressure belt with minimal rainfall and no clouds.
When the cool air reaches the Earth’s surface, surface winds blow the cool air either towards the equator, or away from the equator towards the Poles

22
Q

what happens at 60 degrees north and south

A

At 60 degrees north and south, cold air blown from the poles meets warm air surface winds. Because the warmer air is less dense, it rises and forms a low-pressure belt.
The air splits, with some returning back towards the equator and the rest heading to the poles.

23
Q

what happens at the poles

A

At the North Pole and the South Pole, cool air will sink, forming a high-pressure belt.
This high-pressure belt will move back towards the Earth’s equator as a surface wind.

24
Q

global patterns of temperatures

A

average global temperature 20C-28C exreme countries away from equator 10C,-10C

25
Q

how does latitude affect temperatures

A

temperatures drom the further an area is from the curvature of earth as sun is at a lower angle and solar insolation has to pass through a larger layer of atmosphere, so more energy is lost and its colder

26
Q

factors that could influence temperature

A

albedo effect, cloud cover, winds, ocean currents, altitude

27
Q

why are there anomalously low temperatures north of india

A

himalayas makes air thinner

28
Q

jet streams

A

very strong winds high in atmosphere such as around mount everest

29
Q

tornadoes

A

strong rotating winds

30
Q

precipitation

A

any form of liquid or solid falling from sky.

31
Q

global patterbs if precipitation

A

heavy rainfall in band around equator, rain frequent in coastal areas, areas of high pressure and altitude

32
Q

3 types of rainfall

A

relief, frontal and convectional