Global Governance (with Antarctica) Flashcards
What are four ways TNCs form links between countries?
- MErgers
- Acquisitions
- Offshoring/outsourcing
- Global supply chains
What is Global governance?
Rules, norms and laws that make and remake global systems, deal with issues that cannot be solved by any one state
What are some examples of international organisations involved in global governance?
- WTO
- WB
- World Health Organisation
- IMF
- UN
What is a Global Common?
Resources with no national governance/outside domain of one state but used jointly/shared by all people. Brings economic benefits to all and is a common heritage of mankind
What are the four Global Commons?
- High Seas
- Antarctica
- Atmosphere
- Outer Space
Common Heritage of Mankind
belong to all humanity and the resources are available for everyone’s use and benefit
Tragedy of the Commons
Common access to resources inevitable results in resources being over-exploited as individuals put their needs and desire not to lose out over collective need
What is an NGO?
Non-Governmental Organisation
What is an Advocacy NGO?
Campaign to raise awareness
What is an operational NGO?
Frontline support services for those in need
What is an International Treaty that protects the High Seas?
UN Convention on the Law of the Seas
What is an International Treaty that protects Outer Space?
Moon Treaty
What is an International Treaty that protects Antarctica?
Antarctic Treaty System and Protocol on Environmental Protection
What is an International Treaty that protects the Atmosphere?
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Why is globalisation a threat to the High Seas?
- Increased international trade/increased potential markets > overfishing/pollution
- Development/transfer of transport technology > inaccessible areas become accessible > overfishing/mining
- Increase in industry > discharge of chemical waste/acidification of ocean
What is the Antarctic Convergence Zone?
Warmer sub-Antarctic and colder Antarctic water’s meet > upwelling of warm water returns nutrients to the surface > increased photosynthesis > high primary productivity
What is the Antarctic Circumpolar Current?
Surface current with flows eastward around Antarctica and blocks warmer water travelling South
What is Isostatic Depression?
Sinking of crust into the asthenosphere due to heavy weight of glacial ice
Why is the Antarctic Convergence Zone important for the ecosystem?
It creates a zone of high primary productivity by returning unusable nutrients to the surface