global governance op+challenges MALI

Question 1

background info

Answer 1

1. during ‘scramble for Africa; French gave Tuareg no territorial integrity on l=mali land => 1960 independence =
2. INSURGENCIES by Tuareg nationalists + islamic groups moved Ali south to create AZAWAD
3. French military interventions + MINUSMA-> April 2015 conflict officially ended.

Question 2

strategies by the Mali govt.

Answer 2

ECOWAS = INCORPORATION OF NORTH
mediation and returning power through
-greater representation of N pop. in national institutions
-transferring state budget to N
-recognising locally elected leaders

LT nation-building responsible for the peace treaty that helped end conflict, spacial variation in success

Question 3

strategies by the French govt

Answer 3

FRENCH MILITARY TO STOP CONFLICT

-550 troops and protected 6000 French nationalists in Bamako
-campaign of air strikes in N Mali

Pro-active in being aggressive, St very significant as pushed back extremists
Haven’t ensured LT peace but are the reason that conflict ended

Question 4

strategies by UN

Answer 4

MINUSMA FOR POLITICAL PROGRESS
-stabiltiy by promoting human rights + re-establishing state authority
-900 personnel
-opperate in the main population centres

LT aims for training police force + strengthen police force => decrease future terriost activity
LARGE SCALE
most DANGEROUS peacekeeping mission in the world

Question 5

strategies by NGOs

Answer 5

HUMANITARIAN AID
-health projects -> decrease food insecurity + poverty
- world education Mali to address education barriers
- sanitation + food security in N settlements

SMALL SCALE + LT

Question 6

opportunities for stability

Answer 6

MINUSMA re-established state control in N =large-scale changes
- increase democracy + participation of N IN GOVT. => decrease chance of revolt
- reinforce international norms -> nation-building -> increase human rights -> stability
- support political progress

(most imp. to ensure growth + dev. but social variation in success)

Question 7

opportunities for growth and development

Answer 7

• enhanced supply chain for fishers + farmers
  -recovering GDP per capita but LE still low= 57 years
• decrease import dependency/ increase ecnomic diversity
• investments in renewable + solar energy (increase in rural areas, capacity to be one of the largest solar producing nations in the world => chance to scale up sector
• repairing of infrastructure from damage by Tuareg insurgencies
• ‘water aid’ = increase sanitation + water security

Question 8

inequality

Answer 8

-N still unrepresented politically
- cultural, language as well as rural/urban division increase literacy rates 89%/48% access to health clinics
-N feels marginalised as Bamaki dev. only

Question 9

injustice

Answer 9

• women + children in unsafe/ poor working conditions in mines
  -govt. ability to police own country poor -> human trafficking/smuggling/corruption => decrease protection of citizens
• MINUSMA = deadliest in world
  -NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO ENSURE Rto ensure rule of law throughout whole country

Question 10

success?

Answer 10

attempts possible as officials ended unlike SS
in ST decrease mortality rates, in LT education programmes
LACK OF CO-OP BETWEEN N + S HINDERS OPPORTUNITIES AS NOT ENOUGH INVESTMENT IN DEV. SECTOR => GLOBAL GOVERNANCE LIMITED