erosion of sovereignty + TI

Question 1

current political boundaries + example

Answer 1

1. separatism = claims for operation of a group of people from a larger state + transnational mov. of terroist and extremist activity
   -> disrputive forces interact to erode long-established concepts of the WM => borders become increasingly contested
   -> LEGACY OF COLONIALISM -> CONFLICT WITH NATIONAL GOVT. EG MALI
   -> minorities use warfare to counterbalance the sovereign gap => security threats
2. ETHNIC PARTITIONING
   -> smuggling of fighters + weapons over borders e.g. ‘scramble for africa’
3. CONTESTED LAND
   -> eg. crimea
   -> maritime boundaries e.g. Kashmir water supply + exploration rights overseas e.g. oil reserves

example: MALI Tuareg claimed TI in NE Mali, illegal trade + smuggling -> MINUSMA needed to stabilise political progress

Question 2

current political boundaries: significance

Answer 2

highly significant
1. determines the distribution of resources
2. divides areas of military control + economic market
3. more sign. in old colonies where sparation of ethnic groups lead to a greater sense of difference
4. less sign. where natural borders e.g. mountain ranges

Question 3

TNCs + example

Answer 3

= driving force of global economic integration, build global market + encourage dev. HOWEVER

1. ‘.com’ TNCs control information, drive political ideas + shape elections-> create bias
2. some states loose control over their workforce/political decisions/territory = direct challenges
3. disrespect to human rights: low wages/ forced labour = affects health + govt. ability to protect citizens

example: SHELL employment of Nigerians in NIger Delta due to being 8th biggest oil exploiter -> enviro. damage through oil spillages + Ken Sara Wawa + 8 others protested against shell they were hung

Question 4

TNCs: significance

Answer 4

• provide value to economy but create DEPENDENCY -> POWER HAS THE ABILITY TO ERODE SOVEREIGNTY = gradual erosion (LONG TERM)
• HARD TO MONITOR AS NOT BOUND TO 1 COUNTRY
• MOVE POP. ABOVE poverty line, LIDCs rely on them to integrate their economy

Question 5

supranational institutions eg the Eu + example where failed

Answer 5

= within, member states ‘surrender’ aspects of their sovereignty as under strict international laws of the institution

EU: cannot pass laws in interest of own state
enforced fishing quotas
financial restrictions e.g member states can’t set up iown interest rates + have to contribute to large bail-out funds e.g 2015 Greece dept crisis

BREXIT: BRITISH CITIZENS Escap from restrictive laws 14& fall in exports

Question 6

supranational institutions: significance

Answer 6

• benefits of integration trade advantages -> ACCESS TO WIDER MARKET
• POSITIVE FOR LIDCS TO KICKSTART industrialisation AND BOOST ECONOMIC SIGN.

Question 7

political dominance of ethnic groups

Answer 7

When a state has more than 1 ethnic group challenges occur with ethnic dominance = difference in social/power between groups

1. if a group has strong cultural identity = demand independence + refuse to be part of the state
2. internal conflict between 2 groups: govt. unable to protect own citizens

exam ple: BASQUE NATION with own govt. and unique culture-> demand independence from Spain + France + right to self-determination => separatist mov. decreases stability of state

• more of an issue in never countries with a LESS STABLE GOVT.
• and LIDCs as more ethnically diverse population