access to natural resources + roles + flows

Question 1

past Pakistan issues

Answer 1

1945 partition for Pakistan to be own country not based on ethnic or religion => created cultural differences
colonial past with unequal water distribution

Question 2

Indus River

Answer 2

• more outputs than inputs 60% human purposes e.g growing need for HEP + irrigation
• Himalayan glacier retreat => climate change depleting natural resources
• 2nd most over-stressed aquifer
• rapid pop. growth + large growing industries

Question 3

dams problem?

Answer 3

Already water deprived, no flows downstream India- Pakistan => displacement famers + families + damage to ecosystems

Intervention Pakistan to block dam refused

Question 4

Indus water treaty by… + issue

Answer 4

world bank
= every citizen provided with enough water e.g farmers to irrigate crops, promote LT dev. and decrease poverty

issue as other countries could still access tributaries

Question 5

role of the UN

Answer 5

193 member states, 16 current peacekeeping missions

1. INTERNATIONAL PEACE + SECURITY
2. GOOD RELATIONS DEV BETWEEN COUNTRIES
3. FOSTER CO-OP

-encourgae norms
-VETO controversial as can cause ineffectiveness in UN preventing human rights violations

Question 6

role of NATO

Answer 6

1. SAFEGUARING, FREEDOM + SECURITY
   POLITICALLY = co-op on defences to prevent conflic
   MILITARILY= achieve peaceful solutions
   -if diplomatic measures ineffective, have military capacity and mandate to manage crisis
   -IMMEDIATE ST response

Question 7

role of the EU

Answer 7

1. FOSTER ECNOMIC CO-OP THROUGH UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL TRADE => INCREASE ECNOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE => decrease likelihood of further conflict
2. ECONOMIC + SOCIAL PROGRESS
3. REGULATING CONFLICT THROUGH POLICIES

generate trade, offer membership- increase trade routes + tech. available
-> helps poorer states dev.
no combined army + focus is on Europe=> influence limited worldwide

Question 8

flows of people

Answer 8

PEACEKEEPERS - military personnel in conflict sones to provide assistance
- repairs relationships between conflicting countries
-disarmament

=SMALL SCALE + ST IMMEDIATE RESPONSES USUALLY

Question 9

flows of money

Answer 9

way of kickstarting ideas + LT growth to LIDCs economy
- donations + remittances

sanctions =ST

Question 10

flows of ideas

Answer 10

• for effective planning of interventions = co-ordination of strategies + sharing of norms, practices + culture
  -exchanging info in planning stages of operation

NATIONAL SCALE
can’t pinpoint to a particular place (diffusion is key)

Question 11

flows of technology

Answer 11

-advancements of military + growth of international database
-monitoring behaviour in conflicts - drones/satellite imagery -> communicate + spread info to manage conflict

LT + EDCs to increase dev. + boost economy