global governance Flashcards
what is the role of the UN?
founded in 1945
made up of 193 member states
role is to make the enforcement of law, security, economic development and human rights easier for countries around the world
what does UNDP stand for?
the united nations developmental programme
what does the UNDP do?
advocates for change and connects countries knowledge and experience in order to build a better life
what are the 8 millenium development goals
- end extreme poverty and hunger
- to give all children a primary school education
- promote equality between boys and girls
- reduce the number of children who die under 5
- to make it safer when women give birth
- to combat HIV/AIDS
- to ensure environmental sustainability
- to develop a global partnership
goal 5- to make it safer when women give birth
new hospitals and nurses have helped since 2000 but more still needs to be done to give everyone the same protection
goal 1- to end extreme poverty and hunger
the goal in 2000 was to cut in half the number of people living with hunger and with less than $1.25 per day
15 years later the number of people living on $1.25 per day has been halved
what are the sustainable development goals?
SDG’S came into action in 2016
17 goals were built on the successes of the MDG’S
what does UNEP stand for?
the united nations environmental programme
what does UNEP do?
developed in 1972 to guide and coordinate environmental activities within the UN
world summit on climate change
1992 countries joined an international treaty on cc
1995 countries launched negotiations to strengthen the global response to climate change
what is the role of the WTO?
deals with the rules of trade between countries and helps to promote cooperation between countries
what are the advantages of the WTO?
Over 160 members representing 98% of world trade
WTO regulations and cooperation helped to avoid a major trade war
what are the disadvantages of the WTO?
- WTO has been criticised for their rules being unfavourable to developing countries
- WTO is being overshadowed by new TIPP trade deals
- it is having difficulty making progress
what does WSSD stand for?
world summit on sustainable development
issues with global governance - sovereignty
- 200 sovereign states and national territories
- no longer exclusive due to globalisation
- people, ideas and money leak out of individual nations and flow across borders
issues associated with attempts of global governance
- individual states are more succeptible to policies adopted by others due to economic globalisation
- climate change and global commons do not fall within jurisdiction of an one particular country
inequalities and injustices in global governance
CIGI have identified inequalities and injustices in almost every sector of global governance
what is the jurisdiction gap?
the gap between the increasing need for global governance and the lack of authority to take action
what is the incentive gap
the gap between the need for international cooperation and the motivation to undertake it
what is the participation gap?
refers to the fact that international cooperation remains primarily the affair of governments
what are the advantages of global governance?
focus on reducing environmental problems
trying to overcome global issues
what are the disadvantages of global governance?
- governments are losing their influence and corporations now have more power
- transnational problems = climate change
- so complex that not all countries agree
non - governmental organisations
NGO’S have expanded their scope from local and national settings to become international organisations
in the 21st century NGO’S have emerged as a global force to:
democratise decision making
protect human rights
provide essential services to the most needy
what are the 2 types of NGO’S?
operational NGO’S
advocacy NGO’S
what are operational NGO’S?
those providing frontline support services to the needy e.g oxfam - tend to raise money for every project they undertake
what are advocacy NGO’s
focus on campaigns to raise awareness to gain support for a cause
what do NGO’S do?
work increasingly in partnership with other stakeholders
becoming more and more important in supporting development
often the only organisations that provide a voice for the poorer parts of world
