Global Governance 4 Markers:

Question 1

Hoe can Global Institutions help to promote Stability?

Answer 1

-Global Institutions pass laws that countries abide by

….this makes countries act more predictably and leads to a decrease in conflict

• Some institutions eg:UN, have an active role in peacekeeping missions
• WTO on the other hand, looks to promote trade stability between countries, increasing the volume of trade being exchanged within BLOCS

Question 2

How do unequal flows of people lead to inequalities?

Answer 2

• most migration takes place from DEVELOPING to DEVELOPED countries
• this can lead to a “brain drain”, where skilled migrants seek work and a better quality of life
• low skilled workers may pay TAXES within DEVELOPED countries, helping to reinforce equalities and divisions
• low skilled migrants may be happy to work for lower wages than locals, increasing internal inequalities

Question 3

Describe how one TNC has contributed to the rise in Globalisation?

Answer 3

-WALMART
-Founded in 1962 by Sam Walton in Arkansas, USA
-Has over 160,000 employees in multiple countries
-economic activity of the TNC helps with the social and economic development of countries through transfers of skills and technology
-CREATES JOBS eg: 700 in Vietnam in 2009
-Entered global market status by being a “superstore”
ASDA= GLOCALISATION

Question 4

Explain how trade agreements are a factor in Globalisation?

Answer 4

• Trade Agreements mean that countries join together within BLOCS that encourage trade and promote economic cooperation
  eg: NAFTA AND OPEC
• Trade Agreements encourage “frictionless trade” and increase investment
  eg: Audi has built a new factory in Mexico to gain access to Nafta Countries
• BI LATERAL agreements between countries and multilateral agreements have increases connectedness

-The role of World Trade Organisation

Question 5

Explain the concepts of “ A Global Commons”?

Answer 5

• An area in which the earths shared resources are held, including the deep oceans and the atmosphere
• No national governance takes place, but they are owned by EVERYONE
• The only commons considered a land mass is Antarctica= the last great wilderness
• The concept also involves more modern areas such as cyber-space, in which the “common heritage of humanity” comes into force
• No single JURISTRCTION= “THE TRADGEDYOF THE COMMONS”
• ..and with increasing resource demand there’s a greater need

Question 6

Explain how security is a factor in globalisation?

Answer 6

• The feeling of security is vital to increase connectedness
  -WCO= World Customs Organisation- creates the framework for international trade
  -More open/ relaxed security at national borders means an easier flow of labour
  -TERRORISM= increased risk
  -C- TPAT= a US brand focused on promoting security
  -CYBER SECURITY= increasing factor of dependence on IT systems=
  The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre

Question 7

What year was the IWC’s moratorium?

Answer 7

1982

Question 8

What year was the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary created?

Answer 8

1994

NGO’S- Antarctic and Southern Ocean Collation

Question 9

What year was the Antarctic Treaty Created?

Answer 9

1959 (1960-1)

Protocol On Environment Protection/ Madrid Protocol- 1991

Question 10

IPCC Predictions about the climate change in Antarctica?

Answer 10

• Will affect the Peninsula and Western side the most

- In the last 50years= changed up to 3 degrees