Global Food Production Systems (6) Flashcards
Dr. Noah
What is food security>
means having a reliable source of food and sufficient resources to purchase it
What are the four conditions you must fulfill to ensure food security?
- availability
- access
- stability
- utilization
What is availability - food security?
production
distribution
exchange
What is access - food security?
income
food aid
What is stability - food security?
supplies
preservation
What is utilization - food security?
- nutrient content
- food safety
- human health
Where is there major growth in, population-wise?
Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
What is the food gap?
taking into account a growing population and shifting diets, the world will need to produce 69% more food calories in 2050 than we did in 2006
What is the impact of climate change on crop production?
What is the world meat consumption like? What regarding poor people?
when poor people acquire discretionary income, one of the first things they seek to purchase is animal source foods
Which countries are increasing their consumption of meat and milk products?
EU
Canada & USA
Asia
India
Which livestock have skyrocketed since 1975?
- chickens
- ducks
- goats
What is the agroecosystems?
social system
agroecosystem
ecosystem
Look at agroecosystems
What are the four determining elements of an agroecosystem?
- environment
- biota
- people
- economics
What is the agricultural biota?
What is the human element with global food production?
What are the economics to global food production?
What is pastoralism?
- mobile livestock-keeping to available pasture and water
- arid and semi-arid environment
- camel, sheep, goats horses
- shapes diet (milk, meat) as well as culture
What is the distribution of subsistence pastoral and agricultural societies?
What are challenges to pastoralism?
- crosses social and political barriers
- transmission of disease
- conflict for resources with agropastoralists, ranching, and wildlife
What is agro-pastoralism?
mix of pastoralism
- some crop agriculture is carrie out, usually at a home site, in addition to the extensive grazing of livestock
- semi-arid environments
- camels, cattle, sheep, goats, equids
- due to fixed land use, poultry can be added
What is transhumance?
a form of pastoralism in which herders and their animals move seasonally between two specific regions
- environments where there are severe seasonal fluctuations
- cattle, sheep, goats
What is ranching?
common in semi-arid to sub-humid zones that favor grasslands
- requires large amounts of privately owned or government-leased land
- mainly meat production
_____ is responsible for over 70% of deforestation in Brazil
Cattle ranching
What is mixed subsistence farming?
sedentary systems in which crops are the main source of food, with animals supporting the farming operation
- most widespread
What is the most widespread form of agricultural activity in the world?
mixed subsistence farming
What is the impact of small farm size?
average farm size: 444 acres in USA
- unable to support large stock
- greater emphasis on small stock
What is mixed speciality farming?
sedentary crop and livestock agriculture where the main reason for crop production is to feed the livestock
What is intensive industrial livestock production?
entire farm not a lot of land
- dense population of a lot of animals
What happens in intensive industrial livestock production?
- production independent of the environment
- meat, milk, eggs
- diseases of production and high-density confinement
What are concentrated animal feed operations?
the most rapidly growing system of farm animal production
What is the most rapidly growing system of farm animal production?
concentrated animal feed operations
What are advantages to intensive agriculture?
What are disadvantages of intensive agriculture?
- concentrated by-products
- animal welfare issues
- environmental impact
What are the benefits and drawbacks to public health and food production?
Look at food production and public health
More milk produced per cow =
less methane and waste
What is aquaculture?
- the cultivation of aquatic plants or animals
- fresh water
- brackish water
- marine water
What is alternative agriculture?
organic farming
What does organic livestock production do?
- avoids the sue of synthetic compounds
- encourages the use of natural compounds or practices to control disease
- limited capacity and limited market
What is game ranching?
the rearing of wild animal species in confinement in a semi-domesticated state for commercial exploitation
- food production, skins and leather, sale of live animals
- ungulates, fowl, rodents, reptiles, bison
What is companion and hobby animals?
