Global Distribution Flashcards
X4 factors influencing global energy distribution
- geology
- physical geography
- available tech
- exploitation $$$
Is Europe highly dependent on foreign energy or does it have vast energy security of its own?
in general Europe is highly energy dependent
however there are exceptions (e.g Denmark)
Where has the world’s largest reserves of uranium?
Australia
Where are most of the world’s oil reserves concentrated?
Middle East + Africa
Where are the X3 richest areas in terms of nuclear generation?
Europe, Eurasia + N.America
What % of the world’s proven oil reserves does Saudi hold?
22%
What has China’s consumption in recent decades led to them building? Although what is happening to it now?
2 coal power stations built each week
although rate declining due to red air pollution alert
How many people today live in energy poverty?
2.1billion
What is happening to proven reserve amounts?
generally increasing
Why are proven reserve amounts generally increasing?
- new technology finding new sources
- new technology making extraction more cost efficient
= more alternative sources economical to extract - costs of certain fuels increasing
In 1987 what was the proven natural gas reserve amount?
106trillion m^3
In 2007 what was the proven natural gas reserve amount?
177 trillion m^3
Define : energy demand
the need / desire for energy
Define : energy consumption
availability and use of energy
In India what % of the population live in rural areas?
70%
What is the predominant source of fuel for indoor cooking and heat in rural India?
wood / dung
What are the advantages of using wood / dung for those in rural india as a source of fuel?
cheap (often free as foraged)
usually always available
What is a disadvantage for those in rural india of using wood / dung for fuel?
serious health problems associated with indoor air pollution
What type of fuel has the UK moved away from - why?
coal
environmental concerns
has depleted its own domestic coal reserves
Where are the UK’s natural gas supplies from?
domestic North Sea supplies and imported Norwegian, Russian and Qatari gas
(mainly Norwegian)
When did North Sea gas reach peak?
2004
What is happening to the UKs oil dependency and domestic production?
declining domestic production
greater reliance on OPEC nations
In 2015 which country committed to investing in the Uk’s Hinkey Point nuclear plant? What is its cost?
China
£24billion
What is the £24billion nuclear plant in the UK China committed to investing in? When did it commit?
Hinkley Point
2015
How many rural households in the UK are not connected to mains gas?
5million
What has the UK government recognised in relation to oil costs for heating?
recognised energy poverty’s existence
given heating allowance to pensioners
What group in N.America has invested in accelerating the replacement of inefficient technologies?
North American Energy Working Group
What did the N.American Energy Working Group find? and what is its solution?
evidence of high energy insecurity in the USA
invests in accelerating replacement of inefficient technologies
What fraction of global oil production is used by transport?
almost 1/2
What fraction of global oil production is used by homes and commercial usage?
only 1/3
What % of biomass is used for home and commercial usage?
70%
Thermal power stations (CHPs) use what fraction of global coal production?
2/3
Nuclear and hydro are 100% used for what purpose?
electricity generation
What was the largest energy source by % of usage in 2005?
oil (36%)
What % was nuclear power as a % of total energy source in 2005?
7%
What did coal, oil and gas make up as a % of total energy supply in 2005?
80%
in the 20th century what happened to energy demand?
increased by 10-fold
By 2050 what is energy consumption in the DEVELOPING world expected to increase by from 2015 levels?
X2
By 2050 what is energy consumption in the DEVELOPED world expected to increase by from 2015 levels? Is this less than or more than the developing world?
by 30%
less than the developing world
X4 reasons for rapid growth in LICs in energy demand;
- population growth
- economic development / investment
- industrialisation
- rising living standards
Where is an anomaly present in terms of GDP : energy demand ratio?
Japan
