Global Demography + City + Migration Flashcards
sociologist who popularized the concept of “global city”
Saskia Sassen
NYSE stands for
New York Stock Exchange
FTSE stands for
Financial times Stock Exchange
This city surpasses New York in terms of cultural importance
Los Angeles’ Hollywood
home of the online companies such as Facebook, Twitter, and Google
San Francisco
The growth of the Chinese economy has turned cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou into centers of _________ and ________
trade and finance
How many corporate headquarters do Tokyo and New York house
Tokyo - 613
New York - 217
Economist Intelligence Unit added the following criteria to measure the economic competitiveness of a city
List them
- Market size
- Purchasing power of the citizens
- Size of the middle class
- Potential for growth
Cities that are home to large international organizations
Political hotspots
exerts influence on their own countries as well as on international affairs
Political hubs
What is Australia’s third greatest export
Education
List challenges of global cities
✓Sites of great inequality, poverty, and violence
✓ Global cities create winners and losers.
✓ In cities with extensive public transportation systems, people tend to drive less and thereby cut carbon emissions.
✓ Some cities, invest in automobiles and gasoline, and some are severely filthy
✓Urban areas consume most of the world’s energy.
✓Cities only cover 2% of the world’s landmass, but they consume 78% of the global energy.
✓ “Vertical farms” is a sustainable solution to curb massive emissions and energy consumption.
✓ Major terror attacks of recent years have also targeted cities. Cities are attractive to migrant workers, on the other hand, cities are vulnerable to violent attacks
the process of displacing the poor in favor of newer and wealthier residents
Gentrification
statistical study of human populations
Demography
Rural areas/ livelihood is dependent on what
agriculture
Urban areas/ livelihood is dependent on what
2 incomes
The 3 things that are apart of the spatial phenomenon
International investments
Workers in cities or abroad
Displacement of poor people
who made the principle of population
Thomas Robert Malthus
Principle of populations is based on 2 premises
- Food is necessary to live
- Humans will procreate and “be fruitful and multiple”
mortality declines and fertility remains high =
increase in the proportion of children in the population
fertility declines and child dependency ratio declines =
working age population grows faster than the population as a whole
increased longevity =
rapid increase in the elderly population
low fertility =
slows the growth of the working age population
contraception and sterilization were among the solutions to overpopulation in what year
1958
“substitute for social justice and much-needed reforms- such as land distribution, employment care, provision of mass education and health care, and emancipation.”
who said this
Betsy Hartmann
what does FAO stand for
Food and Agriculture Organization
to mitigate impact of population growth, food production must increase by what
70%
annual cereal production must increase from 2.1 billion to what
3 billion
annual meat production should increase from 200 million tons to what
270 million tons
crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit for a certain minimum period
Migration
people are leaving or exiting a country
Emigration
people are moving and residing in a country
Immigration
what are the 2 forms of migration
internal and international
refers to individuals moving from one location to another within the same country
Internal Migration
refers to people moving beyond national borders
International Migration
men and women who migrate for a limited period in order to take up employment and send money home
Temporary labor migrants
people with qualifications as managers, executives, professionals, technicians, or similar, who move within the internal labor markets of transnational corporations and international organizations, or who seek employment through national labor markets for scarce skills
Highly skilled and business migrants
people who enter a country, usually in search of employment without the necessary documents and permits
Irregular migrant (illegal migrants)
person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable of unwilling to return because of a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion
Refugees
people who move across borders in search of protection, but who may not fulfill the strict criteria laid down by the 1951 Convention
Asylum seekers
this includes not only refugees and asylum-seekers but also people forced to move by environmental catastrophes or development projects
Forced migrants
migration to join people who have already entered an immigration country under one of the above categories
Family member (family reunification migrants)
people who return to their countries of origin after a period in another country. Return migrants are often looked on favorably as they may bring with them capital, skills, and experience useful for economic development
Return migrants
list push factors
- war
- Break up of family
- Lack of services
- Low employment
- Lack of safety
- High crime
- Crop failure
- Drought
- Flooding
- Poverty
list pull factors
- Political stability
- Family reunification
- Better services
- High employment
- Safe society
- Less crime
- Fertile Land
- Lower risk of natural hazards
- Good Climate
- More wealth
List state regulations of migration
- National Security
- Protection of Cultural Identity
- Ensuring that locals have opportunities available for them in the market
- Fear that migrants will benefit more in terms of social welfare programs
contribute significantly to the development of small and medium-term industries, which in turn assist in creating jobs
Remittances
siphoning of qualified personnel, removing dynamic young workers and reducing pressure for social change
Brain drain
what does POEA stand for
Philippines’ Overseas Employment Agency
what does OWWA stand for
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
