Global Business Flashcards

1
Q

Explain transnational company

A

A transnational company is a business with a head office in one country and branches or factories in a number of other countries
Head office controls the entire business
e.g Zara, Lidl, Marks & Spencer

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2
Q

Explain global company

A

A global company is a firm that operates and sells standardised products and services all over the world
They treat the world like one single country and focus on similarities between people globally to try satisfy the common needs and wants everywhere
Make products anywhere - usually cheap labour country
e.g McDonalds, Coca-Cola

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3
Q

Give four reasons for development of transnational companies

A

To spread their risk
Increase sales
Development of ICT
Overcoming trade barriers

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4
Q

Give five reasons why transnational companies set up in ireland

A
Low corporation tax (12.5%)
EU membership
Grants
Well-educated workforce
English speaking
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5
Q

Name the advantages of transnational companies to ireland

A
Job creation
New technologies
Increase competition
Taxes
Consumers of raw materials
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6
Q

Name the disadvanatges of transnational companies to Ireland

A

No loyalty
Too influential
Repatriate profits
Decisions are made abroad

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7
Q

Give six reasons for development of global companies

A
Increase sales
Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM)
Advances in communication methods
The internet
Deregulation
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
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8
Q

Give five advantages of globalisation to ireland

A
Job creation
New technologies
Increase sales
Taxes
Economies of scale
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9
Q

Give four disadvantages of globalisation to ireland

A

Increased competition and threat for Irish businesses
Repatriate profits
Using Ireland as a ‘tax haven’
Too influential

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10
Q

Explain global marketing and the standardised marketing mix

A

Global marketing means selling the same product all over the world using a global marketing mix (4P’s)
Known as a ‘Standardised Marketing Mix’
Gloabal business concentrates on the similarities across world markets
Example: Coca-Cola

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11
Q

Explain the adapted marketing mix

A

Sometimes elements of the 4P’s must be changed to suit local tastes, cultures etc.
This called and ‘Adapted Marketing Mix’
Requires additional production, advertising and packaging costs
Example: Tesla making right hand drive cars for the Irish market

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12
Q

What is the importance of global marketing

A

Increased sales
Lower costs
Improved quality
Avoids alienating customers

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13
Q

Explain spreading their risk as a reason for the development of transnational companies

A

They dont want to become too dependent on one market

if there is a downturn in US economy Dell’s european sales will keep it in profit

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14
Q

Explain increase their sales as a reason for the development of transnational companies

A

Expand to different countries to increase sale

Sell products to many more customers than solely at home

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15
Q

Explain communcations technology as a reason for the development of transnational companies

A

Advances in transport makes it easier for businesses to expand overseas
Video conferencing makes transnational businesses easier to run

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16
Q

Explain trade barriers as a reason for the development of transnational companies

A

Overcoming trade barriers can occur with expansion

Ex: japanese car manufacturers set up factories in the EU to round EU quotas

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17
Q

Explain low corporation tax as a reason for transnational companies to come to Ireland

A

Only 12.5% - much lower than other countries

Set up here means they pay less tax on profits and have more profit for expansion and dividends

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18
Q

Explain EU member as a reason for transnational companies to come to Ireland

A

All goods in Ireland can be freely sold in the EU - biggest and richest trading bloc with no barriers to trade
Set up here to gain access to increase sales and profits

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19
Q

Explain Grants as a reason for transnational companies to come to Ireland

A

Irish government gives money to MNCs to help pay for things they need to set up here
Grants make it cheaper for MNCs to expand

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20
Q

Explain education as a reason for transnational companies to come to Ireland

A

Ireland has well-educated workforce
Most highly employable graduates in world
Companies attracted because they have plentiful supply of workers with skills needed ex: Intel employees country’s universities excellent compute graduates

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21
Q

Explain English as a reason for transnational companies to come to Ireland

A

Only english speaking country in Eurozone
Soon to be in EU
International language of business
Easy for them to do business here without communications barrier

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22
Q

Explain jobs as an advantage of transnational companies

A

MNCs employ over 200000 people in Irish branches
Reduces unemployment
Wages mean employees get higher standard of living and increased spending in economy
Ex: Dell and Intel created thousands of well-paid quality jobs for people in their factories

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23
Q

Explain new technology as an advantage of transnational companies

A

They train their irish workers in all these new skills
Increasing skill set of labour force and helps to make our economy more modern and technologically advanced
Ex: dell intel, facebook brought latest computer technology helping ireland develop into advanced knowledge based economy

24
Q

Explain compeition as an advantage of transnational companies

A

Better quality and lower prices to compete with indigenous firms.
Consumers have more choice lower prices and better quality
ex: lidl and aldi increased competition in the Irish grocery markets

25
Explain taxes as an advantage of transnational companies
Corporation tax on profit and VAT on products sold here they also pay PAYE, PRSI with employees wages Amount of tax revenue for government to use improving the irish economy
26
Explain buy irish as an advantage of transnational companies
Helps Businesses to increase their sale and profits Positive spin off effect on indigenous businesses Tesco, lidl, aldi buy sector of the irish economy to flourish
27
Explain they leave as a disadvanatge of transnational companies
Have taken low grants and taxes and then left ireland for lower wage economies. Very little notice, unemployment Ex: Fruit of the loom a US transnational closed down its factory in Donegal to move to Morocco where wages are cheaper
28
Explain too much power as a disadvanatge of transnational companies
MNCs are very influential and can put pressure on government. If laws are introduced they dont like they could threaten to pull out of Ireland Influence over Irish government policy
29
Explain repatriate profits as a disadvanatge of transnational companies
Repatriate profits. Sent home Doesn't necessarily benefit the Irish economy. Money made in the country goes out.
30
Explain decisions taken abroad as a disadvantage of transnational companies
Decisions made by head office May not take irish interests into account In the past US congress found Microsoft used its irish subsidiaries to reduce its US tax bill
31
Explain increase sales as a reason to develop a global company
Become global to increase sales globally | Means higher profits and leads to economies of scale for business so lower costs
32
Explain mass production as a reason to develop a global company
CAM makes it possible to mass produce enough products to satisfy global demand. CIM monitors entire production process - business can produce high quality goods anywhere in world
33
Explain communication as a reason to develop a global company
Advances makes it easier to run a global business | Video conferencing means managers can run business with no travel
34
Explain internet as a reason to develop a global company
Allows business to develop global brand - social networking sites mean can reach a global audiences Ca form connection with consumers aroundt he world Website can be used to create global awareness of and interest in it's products
35
Explain deregulation as a reason to develop a global company
WTO deregulation has made global business possible. Can enter markets previously denied to them to freer world trade Ex: China only recently started trading with world recently
36
Explain CAD as a reason to develop a global company
Managers use CAD to design new products for business Designed and made quickly an more cheaply Business can respond rapidly to global market changes by helping it bring new products to the market quickly
37
Explain jobs as an advantage of global companies for ireland
Employ thousands in their irish branches Reduces unemployment Wages mean employees get higher standard of living and increased spending in economy Ex: Dell and Intel created thousands of well-paid quality jobs for people in their factories
38
Explain New technology as an advantage of global companies for ireland
They train their irish workers in all these new skills Also bring new technologies/management/skills to Ireland Increasing skill set of labour force and helps to make our economy more modern and technologically advanced Ex: dell intel, facebook brought latest computer technology helping ireland develop into advanced knowledge based economy
39
Explain increased sales as an advantage of global companies for ireland
Small market in Ireland for irish businesses but now irish businesses can sell their products to billions all over the world Increased sales and profits Ex: Baileys export
40
Explain economies of scale as an advantage of global companies for ireland
Greater numbers of products to export to the world gives irish businesses economies of scale that they would not get in Ireland Becomes cheaper to make each product Lower costs and increases their profits
41
Explain taxes as an advantage of global companies for ireland
Corporation tax on profit and VAT on products sold here they also pay PAYE, PRSI with employees wages Amount of tax revenue for government to use improving the irish economy
42
Explain threat as a disadvantage of globalisation for ireland
Major threat to Irish businesses - economies of scale mean can sell/ make products cheaply Level of competition may force some irish businesses out of business if not as efficient and inventive Irish businesses must develop a USP
43
Explain repatriate profits as a disadvantage of globalisation for ireland
Global business often repatriate profits Send profits they make in Ireland back home Money made in ireland doesn't necessarily benefit the irish economy
44
Explain use ireland as a "tax haven"as a disadvantage of globalisation for ireland
Often set up to take advanatge of its attractive tax laws Alleged that they do not pay their fair share of taxes to the government ex: Evidence from apple executives that Apple paid rate of 2% corporation tax in Ireland
45
Explain too much power as a disadvantage of globalisation for ireland
Powerful and influential as they can put pressure on the government to give them their won way If they were to introduce a law they didnt like could threaten to pull out of Ireland and take jobs with it A lot of influence over irish government policy
46
Discuss Global product
Product sold throughout the world ex: coca-cola To win global recognition business will try use same product brand name throughout the world Same over world- easier for consumers to recognise when they travel and it helps business to save money as they can use same advertisements across the globe May need to take local need and cultures into account - McDonalds don't sell beef burgers in India as cow is a sacred animal in the hindu religion.
47
Explain global price
Will attempt to charge the same price worldwide but price may vary because of standard of living, transport, taxes and tariffs and local rival firms
48
Explain why global price might vary
Standard of living - varies, price is higher in wealthier countries as they can afford more Transport- further has to transport product more expensive it will be Taxes and tariffs may need to be paid - exports and different levels of taxes in each country Local rival firms charge different prices - Level of competition determines max price business can charge Cant charge price wildly out of line with competition
49
Explain global promotion
Communicating with customers worldwide to let them know about the product and to persuade them to buy it Will try use same promotion methods to reduce costs but may have to change to take account of difference in language culture and advertising law
50
Explain how global businesses promote globally - two methods
Use global events ex: Olympics - Reach a global market ex: coca cola were sponsor of 2020 games in Tokyo Advertise online - internet means global audience and may help increase sales by exporting Social media and websites - can form real connection with consumers around the world
51
Give example of when global promotion had to be changed
May offend locals and loss sales and may have to change to take into account differences in language culture and advertising law Ex: Mobile phone company Orange advertised in UK using slogan "the future's orange" - change as in N.Ireland "orange" refers to the orange order
52
Explain global place
The way the business distributes its products and services all over the world - Where the business sells and how it gets goods to the consumer Will have to develop a global channel of distribution which can be complicated
53
Explain four ways global business can sell products to consumers
Sell direct with website - order online and post products. Selling direct minimises consumer cost as there is less step in distribution Strategic alliance with local firm to distribute products - benefits both. Global business increase sales and distributor gets important client guaranteeing profit Foreign subsidiaries - establish factories in countries. manufacture and distribute products from local factory Use local agents and distributors to deliver products
54
Explain increased sales as an importance of global marketing
Marketing helps develop global brand name that customers know all over the world and trust They will buy the name they know
55
Explain lower costs as an importance of global marketing
Global business enjoy lower costs - economies of scale as more products they make cheaper they become to make - competitive advantage
56
Explain improved quality as an importance of global marketing
Selling same product in hug quantities - becomes expert in making it It becomes better than anyone else at making it Can afford in invest in research and development on the product to make it the best in the world - world-class
57
Explain avoids alienating customers as an importance of global marketing
Globalisation is a trend but regional identities, customs and tastes are still as distinct as ever Successful global businesses know a truly standardised marketing mix may not be appropriate or possible. They adapt their offering to local tastes so as not to alienate people and lose sales