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Opthalmology > Glaucoma > Flashcards

Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

True primary congenital glaucoma (at what age)

A

At birth

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2
Q

Infantile primary congenital glaucoma (at what age)

A

Below 3 yrs

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3
Q

Juvenile primary congenital glaucoma (at what age)

A

Above 3 yrs

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4
Q

First symptom of primary congenital glaucoma

A

Watering eyes (most common)

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5
Q

Haab striae

A

Horizontal striae on descemets membrane seen in congenital glaucoma

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6
Q

Vogt striae

A

Vertical striae in keratoconus

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7
Q

What blocks flow of aqueous humor in congenital glaucoma

A

Barkan’s membrane

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8
Q

Treatment of primary congenital glaucoma

A

Gonioscopy

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9
Q

Ocular HTN (IOP,optic disc,visual field)

A

IOP > 21 mm hg
OD Normal
Visual field normal

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10
Q

Primary open angle glaucoma (IOP, optic disc, visual field)

A

IOP > 21 mm hg
OD changes present
Visual field changes present

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11
Q

Normal tension glaucoma (IOP,optic disc,visual field)

A

IOP < 21 mm hg
OD changes present
Visual field changes present

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12
Q

Definition of glaucoma

A

Progressive optic nerve damage

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13
Q

At what difference of value can you say diurnal variation is present in IOP

A

> 8 mm variation

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14
Q

Cup disc ratio in open angle

A

> 0.7

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15
Q

Normal thickness of neuroretinal rim

Thickest to thinnest areas of eye

A

I> S> N> T

This is disrupted in glaucoma

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16
Q

Laminar dot sign

A

Prominence of lamina cribrosa

Open angle spectrum

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17
Q

Bayoneting sign

A

Bending of vessels

Glaucoma

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18
Q

First visual field change in open spectrum

^^^^^^

A

Isoptre contraction (baring of blind spot)

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19
Q

First visual field defect in open spectrum

A

Paracentral scotoma in bjerrum’s area

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20
Q

Bjerrum scotoma aka

A

Arcuate scotoma

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21
Q

Roenne’s central nasal step

A

2 architects scotomas run in different arcs and meet to form a sharp right angled defect

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22
Q

S/E of prostaglandin

A

Hypertrichosis
Hyperpigmentation around eye
Hyperpigmentation of iris
Deep sulcus orbitopathy(fat atrophy)

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23
Q

C/I of prostaglandin

A

Uveitis

Macular oedema

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24
Q

S/E of beta blockers

A

Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis

Corneal epithelial toxicity-dry eyes

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25
Q

Systemic side effects of carbonic anhydrase

A

Bad metallic taste
Renal stones
Constipation
Tingling/numbness (most common)

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26
Q

Topical S/E of carbonic anhydrase

A

Corneal oedema

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27
Q

C/I of carbonic anhydrase

A

Sulpha allergy

Ciliary body oedema

28
Q

S/e of alpha agonist

A

Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis
Eyelid retraction
Drowsiness
Browache (?)

Black conjunctival deposits

29
Q

C/I of alpha agonist

A

In children (sleep apnoea,cns depression, heart block)

In hypertension patients (?)

30
Q

S/E of miotics

A 
Pseudo-myopia and then headache
Retinal detachment 
Shallow anterior chamber
Cataract 
Iris cysts
31
Q

C/I of miotics

A

Uveitis

Macular oedema

32
Q

C/I hyperosmotics

A

Pulmonary oedema
Renal failure
Right sided heart failure

33
Q

New drugs in glaucoma (2)

A

Netarsudil (rhokinase inhibitor)

Latanoprostene (latanoprost + NO)

34
Q

Primary amg,e closure suspect (IOP,optic disc,visual field)

A

IOP <21 mm hg
OD normal
VF normal

35
Q

Primary amgle closure (IOP, optic disc, visual field)

A

IOP > 21 mm hg
OD normal
VF normal

36
Q

Primary angle closure glaucoma (IOP, optic disc, visual field)

A

IOP >21 mm hg
OD changes present
VF changes present

37
Q

Fin ham test used for

A

D/D of coloured halos

38
Q

Iris sphincter muscle atrophy

A

Vertically elongated pupil (acute congestive glaucoma)

39
Q

Glaucoma flecken

A

Anterior lens epithelial infarct
(Anterior subscapular lenticular opacity)

Acute congestive/angle closure glaucoma

40
Q

Coloured halo D/D

A

Diffuse corneal oedema

Cataract

41
Q

Formation of aqueous (3)

A

Secretion 70%
Diffusion 20%
Ultrafiltration 10%

42
Q

Drainage of aqueous (3)

A

Trabecular outflow
Uveiscleral outflow
Uveovortex outflow

43
Q

Drugs that cause glaucoma

A

Steroids

Topiramate

44
Q

Inflammatory conditions that cause glaucoma (3)

A

Uveitic glaucoma
Fuch’s heterochromic iridocyclitis
Posner scholssman syndrome

45
Q

Different causes for lens induced glaucoma

A

Phacomorphic glaucoma
Phacolytic glaucoma
Phacotopic glaucoma

46
Q

Glaucoma associated with iridocyclic endothelial syndrome (3)

A

Progressive iris atrophy
Chandler’s syndrome
Cogan Reese syndrome

47
Q

Most common secondary glaucoma

A

Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

48
Q

Krukenberg spindles seen in

A

Pigmentory glaucoma/ reverse glaucoma

49
Q

Hypersecretory glaucoma seen in

A

Epidemic dropsy

Due to contamination of mustard oil by Argentine Mexicana

50
Q

Vogt triad

A

Iris atrophy
Pigment deposition
Glaucomflecken

51
Q

Raised episcleral pressure in glaucoma seen in

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome

52
Q

Normal anterior chamber angle degree

A

35-45 degree

53
Q

Conditions with coloured halos

A

Cataract
Mucopurulent conjunctivitis
Glaucoma
Tetracycline

54
Q

Epinephrine contraindicated in

A

Aphakic glaucoma

55
Q

Peripheral field of vision
Least in ?
Max in?

A

Least in upward (50 degree)

Max in temporal (90 degree)

56
Q

Contact type applanation Tonometer

A

Tonopen
Perkins
Goldman

57
Q

Non-contact type of applanation tonometer

A

Pulsair

58
Q

Campimetry is used to measure

A

Visual field

59
Q

Tomography determines

A

Facility of outflow of aqueous

60
Q

Ring scotoma typical of

A

Retinitis pigmentosq

61
Q

Main site of resistance of aqueous outflow

A

Juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork

62
Q

Inverse glaucoma seen in?

A

Spherophakia

63
Q

Self tonometer

A

Rebound tonometer (iCare)

64
Q

Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma treatment

A

Laser Trabeculoplasty

65
Q

Express implant made up of

A

Stainless steal

66
Q

Ahmed glaucoma valve made up of

A

Silicone or polypropylene

67
Q

Molteno implant made up of

A

Acrylic

Opthalmology (10 decks)

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