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NCM 116 Lecture (Midterms) > Glaucoma > Flashcards

Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

Is a condition where pressure inside the eye rises to the point of causing damage to the optic nerve with associated loss of vision

A

Glaucoma

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2
Q

It usually affects both eyes, and it is the leading cause of blindness in the world.

A

Glaucoma

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3
Q

Normal IOP

A

10-21mmHg

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4
Q

Two accepted theories how increased IOP damages the optic nerve in Glaucoma

A
  1. The Direct Mechanical Theory
  2. The Indirect Mechanical Theory
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5
Q

Suggests high IOP damages the retinal layer as it passes through the optic nerve head

A

Direct Mechanical Theory

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6
Q

Suggests that high IOP compresses the microcirculation in the optic nerve head, resulting in cell injury and death

A

Indirect Mechanical Theory

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7
Q

Stages of Glaucoma

A
  1. Initiating events
  2. Structural alterations in the aqueous outflow system
  3. Functional alterations
  4. Optic nerve damage
  5. Visual loss
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8
Q

Stages of Glaucoma

Precipitating factors include
o Illness, Emotional stress
o Congenital narrow angles, long-term of corticosteroids
o Mydriatics medications causing pupillary dilation

A

Initiating Events

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8
Q

Stages in Glaucoma

A
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9
Q

Stages of Glaucoma

Tissue and cellular changes caused by factors that affect aqueous humor dynamics lead structural alterations

A

Structural Alterations in the Aqueous Outflow System

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10
Q

Stages of Glaucoma

Conditions such as increased IOP or impaired blood flow create functional changes that lead to the fourth stage

A

Functional Alterations

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11
Q

Stages of Glaucoma

Atrophy of the optic nerve is characterized by loss of nerve fiber and blood supply and this fourth stage inevitably progresses to the fifth stage

A

Optic Nerve Damage

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12
Q

Stages of Glaucoma

Progressive loss of vision is characterized by visual field defects

A

Visual Loss

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13
Q

Clinical manifestations of Glaucoma

Silent Thief of Sight

A

Blurred vision

Eye pain

Red eye

Dilated pupils

Severe pain in the head

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14
Q

Diagnostic Procedures: Glaucoma

A
  1. Tonometry
  2. Ophthalmoscopy
  3. Perimetry
  4. Gonioscopy
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15
Q

The doctor first numbs eye and then he takes this tool and places it on eye

This tool measures the eye pressure

16
Q

Doctor puts eye drops into the eye, which dilates the pupils and then he can look into your eye and see your optic nerve

A

Ophthalmoscopy

17
Q

A visual field test that helps patients with glaucoma and tests if there is lost vision

18
Q

Doctor numbs eye, then uses a special contrast lenses that magnify inside the eye

A

Gonioscopy

19
Q

Types of Glaucoma

A
  1. Open Angle Glaucoma
  2. Closure Glaucoma (acute or narrow angle)
  3. Pigmentary
  4. Secondary Glaucoma
  5. Congenital Glaucoma
20
Q

Most common type and comprises about 90% of all cases of glaucoma

No symptoms for this glaucoma

Chamber is open and appears normal

A

Open Angle Glaucoma

21
Q

The angle of the canal is blocked by a part of the iris

This kind can only be treated with laser surgery to take it away almost completely but is not all the way gone

A

Closure Glaucoma (acute or narrow angle)

22
Q

Occurs when pigment from the iris flakes off and blocks the drainage canal

A

Pigmentary

23
Q

Can develop only from specific things like tumor, diabetes, and a medical condition most likely having something to do with your eyes

A

Secondary Glaucoma

24
Q

Symptoms which includes

Cloudy eyes, excessive tearing, sensitivity to light

A

Congenital Glaucoma

25
Q

Treatment: Glaucoma

A

No cure for glaucoma but it can be controlled by drugs

Laser therapy

26
Q

Side effects of medications for Glaucoma

A

Mood swings

27
Q

Types of Laser Surgery

A
  1. Laser Peripheral Iridotomy
  2. Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty
  3. Microsurgery
  4. Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
  5. Laser Cyclophotocoagulation
28
Q

Used for treating acute angle glaucoma

The procedure makes an opening in the iris which lets the fluid drain more

A

Laser Peripheral Iridotomy

29
Q

Used for the open angle glaucoma and when doctor do this they aim the laser at the opening of the canal, helping the drainage system work by making it a little bigger.

A

Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty

30
Q

Conventional surgery and it is used for acute, chronic, congenital, and secondary glaucoma

Drainage canals are intact

A

Microsugery

31
Q

It is a combination of very low frequencies that treat specific cells and leave the mesh-like drainage canals intact

A

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty

32
Q

Used for severe glaucoma cases that cannot be treated with minor surgery, that helps decrease the amount of fluid made

A

Laser Cyclophotocoagulation

NCM 116 Lecture (Midterms) (13 decks)

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