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PHRM 844 > Glaucoma > Flashcards

Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

Open-angle or Closed-angle?
obstructed drainage canal

A

open

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2
Q

Open-angle or Closed-angle? pressure pushes iris against cornea

A

closed

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3
Q

Open-angle or Closed-angle?
painless, happens over time

A

open

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4
Q

Open-angle or Closed-angle?
leading cause of blindness for people 60 and up

A

open

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5
Q

T or F: high BP is a risk factor for glaucoma

A

T

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6
Q

Open-angle or Closed-angle?
patchy blind spots in peripheral vision

A

open

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7
Q

Open-angle or Closed-angle?
difficulty seeing in central vision

A

open

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8
Q

what is normal IOP?

A

12-20

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9
Q

measuring intraocular pressure:
a. ophthalmoscopy
b. pachymetry
c. tonometry
d. perimetry
e. gonioscopy

A

c. tonometry

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10
Q

Testing for optic nerve damage.
a. ophthalmoscopy
b. pachymetry
c. tonometry
d. perimetry
e. gonioscopy

A

a. opthalmoscopy

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11
Q

checking for vision loss
a. ophthalmoscopy
b. pachymetry
c. tonometry
d. perimetry
e. gonioscopy

A

d. perimetry

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12
Q

measuring corneal thickness
a. ophthalmoscopy
b. pachymetry
c. tonometry
d. perimetry
e. gonioscopy

A

b. pachymetry

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13
Q

inspecting drainage canal
a. ophthalmoscopy
b. pachymetry
c. tonometry
d. perimetry
e. gonioscopy

A

e. gonioscopy

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14
Q

what are two ways to treat open-angle?

A
  • reduce aqueous humor production
  • increase aqueous humor outflow
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15
Q

What two medication classes reduce aqueous humor production?

A

beta blockers
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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16
Q

what 3 medication classes increase aqueous humor outflow?

A

prostaglandin analogs
cholinergics
rho kinase inhibitors

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17
Q

what medication class both reduce aq humor production and increase aq humor outflow?

A

alpha 2 agonists

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18
Q

what is the first line treatment for open-angle?

A

prostaglandin analogs and beta blockers somehow

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19
Q

T or F: almost half of all glaucoma patients have a normal IOP

A

T

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20
Q

instead of memorizing all of the names for prostaglandin analogs, what do they all end with ?

A

-prost, and there are 5 of them

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21
Q

which weird ass med is indicated for eyelash hypotrichosis

A

bimatoprost (latisse)

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22
Q

by what percentage do prosta analogs reduce IOP?
a. 15
b. 30
c. 50
d. 65

A

b. 30

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23
Q

what is the dosing frequency for prosta anal

A

1 drop qhs

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24
Q

what are the important warnings for prosta anal

A

darkening of a lot of shit around the eye and increase in eyelash length and number

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25
Q

what are some side effects of prosta anal

A

stinging
blurry vision
foreign body sensation
more eyelashes

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26
Q

what is the MOA of prosta anal

A

increase aqueous humor outflow

27
Q

what is the MOA for beta blockers

A

reduce aq humor production

28
Q

instead of memorizing all of the names for beta blockers, what do they all end with ?

A

-lol, and there are 3

29
Q

which beta blocker is selective

A

betaxolol

30
Q

by what percentage do beta blockers reduce IOP

A

20-30%

31
Q

what are some contraindications for beta-blockers?

A

sinus bradycardia, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block, cardiogenic shock, uncompensated cardiac failure, bronchospastic disease
they all have to do with the heart and one random one with bronchioles

32
Q

side effects of beta blockers(6)

A

stinging
blurry vision
bradycardia (think heart CI)
breathing probs
hypotension
impotence lol

33
Q

what is the common dosing frequency for beta blockers

A

1 drop daily or bid

34
Q

what is the MOA for alpha-2 agonists

A

both of the other ones together im not typing that

35
Q

what is the dosing frequency for alpha-2 agonists

A

1 drop tid

36
Q

instead of memorizing all of the names for alpha-2 agonists, what do they all end with ?

A

-nidine

37
Q

by how much do alpha 2 agonists reduce IOP?

A

25%

38
Q

what is the one and only contraindication for alpha-2 agonists?

A

CNS depression

39
Q

what are some side effects for alpha-2 agonists

A

dry eyes
xerostomia
blurry vision (no shit)
conjunctival hyperemia
sedation
confusion

40
Q

what medication class is the 2nd line?

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

41
Q

what is the MOA of CAIs?

A

reduce aq humor prod

42
Q

what is the dosing frequency for CAIs?

A

1 drop TID

43
Q

by what percentage do CAIs reduce IOP?

A

15-20%

44
Q

instead of memorizing all of the names for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, what do they all end with ?

A

-zolamide

45
Q

what is the one warning for CAIs?

A

sulfonamide allergy

46
Q

which two CAI medications are oral?

A

acetazolamide and methazolamide

47
Q

what are some side effects of the opthalmic CAIs?

A

burning
blurred vision
blepharitis (wtf)
taste disturbances

48
Q

what are some side effects of oral CAIs?

A

ataxia
confusion
photosensitivity
nausea
metabolic acidosis

49
Q

what medication class comes in 3rd in the list of lines

A

rho kinase inhibitors

50
Q

what is the MOA of rho kinase inhibitors?

A

increase aqueous humor outflow

51
Q

what is the dosing frequency for rho kinase inhibitors

A

1 drop qpm

52
Q

by what percentage do rho kinase inhibitors decrease IOP?

A

25-30%

53
Q

what is the last line for glaucoma

A

cholinergics

53
Q

what are some side effects of rho kinase inhibitors

A

burning
corneal disease
conjunctival hemorrhage
conjunctival hyperemia
damn these suck

54
Q

what is the moa of cholinergics

A

increase aq humor outflow

55
Q

there are two drugs in the cholinergic class, what are they

A

carbachol (milostat)
pilocarpine (isopto carpine)

56
Q

what is the dosing frequency for cholinergics?

A

1-2 drops up to TID

57
Q

by what percentage do cholinergics reduce IOP/

A

15-25%

58
Q

contraindications of cholinergics

A

pts with history of retinal detachment or corneal abrasion

59
Q

what are some side effects of cholinergics(5)

A

pupil constriction
corneal clouding
hypotension
bronchospasm
abdominal cramps

60
Q

treatment of closed-angle (2 options)

A

hyperosmotic agents and surgery

61
Q

what are the two hyperosmotic agents used to treat closed-angle?

A

mannitol (IV)
Glycerin (PO)

62
Q

what is the surgery called for treatment of closed-angle and what does it do

A

iridotomy, hole in iris

63
Q

what are 5 medications/medication types that can increase IOP?

A

anticholinergics
chronic steroids
decongestants (dry you out)
topiramate
antidepressants

PHRM 844 (12 decks)

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