Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHRM 844 > antihyperlipidemic > Flashcards

antihyperlipidemic Flashcards

1
Q

how are cholesterol and triglycerides transported in the blood?

A

in macromolecular aggregates known as lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the major classes of lipoproteins based on?

A

density, composition, and electrophoretic mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Largest, has the most TG
a. chylomicrons
b. VLDL
c. IDL
d. LDL
e. HDL

A

a. chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

secreted by liver into blood, has lot of TG but less than chylomicrons,
a. chylomicrons
b. VLDL
c. IDL
d. LDL
e. HDL

A

b. VLDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

triglyceride-depleted VLDL’s
a. chylomicrons
b. VLDL
c. IDL
d. LDL
e. HDL

A

c. IDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Main cholesterol form in blood.
a. chylomicrons
b. VLDL
c. IDL
d. LDL
e. HDL

A

d. LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

secreted by liver and acquire cholesterol from peripheral tissues and atheromas (reverse cholesterol transport). most protein, low amounts of TG
a. chylomicrons
b. VLDL
c. IDL
d. LDL
e. HDL

A

e. HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

structural in HDL; ligand of ABCA1 receptor, mediates reverse cholesterol transport
a. ApoA-1
b. ApoB-100
c. ApoB-48
d. ApoE
e. ApoCII

A

a. ApoA-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Produced in liver and intestine
a. ApoA-1
b. ApoB-100
c. ApoB-48
d. ApoE
e. ApoCII

A

a. ApoA-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

structural in VLDL, IDL, LDL; LDL receptor ligand produced in liver
a. ApoA-1
b. ApoB-100
c. ApoB-48
d. ApoE
e. ApoCII

A

b. ApoB-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

structural in chylomicrons
a. ApoA-1
b. ApoB-100
c. ApoB-48
d. ApoE
e. ApoCII

A

c. ApoB-48

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

produced in intestine only (no other tissues)
a. ApoA-1
b. ApoB-100
c. ApoB-48
d. ApoE
e. ApoCII

A

c. ApoB-48

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ligand for LDL remnant receptor. reverse cholesterol transport with HDL.
a. ApoA-1
b. ApoB-100
c. ApoB-48
d. ApoE
e. ApoCII

A

d. ApoE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Found in chylomicrons, VLDL. binds to lipoprotein lipase to enhance TG hydrolysis
a. ApoA-1
b. ApoB-100
c. ApoB-48
d. ApoE
e. ApoCII

A

e. ApoCII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in capillaries of fat, cardiac, and skeletal muscle

A

lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

produced in liver, key in converting IDL to HDL

A

hepatic lipase (HL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

exogenous pathway= _____ __ + _____ _____

A

dietary fat + cholesterol intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

endogenous pathway=

A

liver can distribute fatty acids and carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what synthesis is the major source of cholesterol?

A

de novo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the key enzyme in the synthesis of cholesterol and what does it do?

A

HMG-CoA reductase, it forms mevalonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is considered high total cholesterol?

A

> 240

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is considered high LDL cholesterol?

A

> 160

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is considered high HDL cholesterol?

A

> 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is considered high TG?

A

> 200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ratio of total cholesterol to HDL is key in what
accessing risk of CVD
26
a ratio of __ is associated with increased risk of CVD
>4.5
27
what are the two diseases associated with lipoprotein disorders?
hyperlipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia
28
LDL receptors are present where?
oon endothelial cells
29
what role do macrophages have regarding cholesterol?
they take up a fuck ton of it
30
what is the uptake of cholesterol by macrophages initiated by?
LDL accumulation -> when there is too much LDL (the bad one) cholesterol gets taken up, leading to high cholesterol
31
each _% reduction in cholesterol levels is associated with ~__-__% reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease? a. 5, 5-10 b. 10, 5-10 c. 5, 10-30 d. 10, 10-30
d. 10, 10-30
32
what 3 classes of drugs are mainly for high tg opposed to high chol?
fibrates, niacin, omega 3
33
what do bile acid-binding resins lower?
serum cholesterol
34
what is the MOA of bile acid-binding resins?
inhibit reabsorption of bile acids from the intestine by binding bile acids to form insoluble complexes excreted in feces
35
T or F: Bile acid-binding resins down-regulate LDL receptors in the liver
F, they up-regulate
36
Bile acid reabsorption inhibits further conversion of ______ to ________.
cholesterol, bile acids
37
what does it mean if someone has primary hypercholesterolemia?
they have high LDL
38
when are bile acid binding resins taken?
before meals
39
T or F: Bile acid binding resins may decrease TG
F, may increase
40
What are the two side effects of bile acid binding resins?
constipation and bloating
41
what medication(s) fall under the cholesterol absorption inhibitor class?
ezetimibe (zetia)
42
what are the 3 adverse effects of ezetimibe?
fatigue, diarrhea, GI upset
43
what are 3 CI's with ezetimibe?
pregnancy, breastfeeding, active hepatic disease or serum transaminase elevations
44
what is the dosing of ezetimibe?
10 mg qd
45
if you see NPC1L1 what med should you associate it with?
ezetimibe
46
adverse effect(s) of ezetimibe
low incidence of liver/skeletal muscle damage
47
which two statins are prodrugs?
lova and sim
48
MOA of statins
competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis
49
statins up-regulate ___ receptors enabling more ___ delivered to liver, thus reducing plasma _______
LDL, LDL, cholesterol
50
indication(s) of statins
hypercholesterolemia: elevated LDL; elevated LDL with slightly elevated TGs also standard practice to initiate after MI
51
expected results from statins: __-__% reduction in LDL __-__% reduction in TG __-__% increase in HDL
20-60 10-33 5-10
52
when do you give short half-life statins?
in the evening (this was niche)
53
which statins are metabolized by CYP3A4?
lova, sim, ator
54
which statins are metabolized by CYP2C9?
flu, rosu
55
which statin is metabolized by sulfation?
prava
56
which statin is mainly excreted unchanged in the bile? also undergoes enterohepatic recirculation.
pita
57
adverse effects of statins
skeletal muscle effects (rhabdo) hepatotoxicity
58
in cases of rhabdo, or for prevention of rhabdo, what do you want to monitor?
serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
59
T or F: there is increased incidence of rhabdo with co-admin of cyp inhibitors
true
60
in the case of hepatotoxicity, what should you monitor?
transaminase activity
61
what medication belongs to the ATP-Citrate Lyase Inhibitor class?
bempedoic acid (nexletol)
62
what is the dosing of bempedoic acid?
oral-qd -> adjunct to statins
63
what is the significance of the ACL enzyme that bempedoic acid inhibits?
it is upstream of HMG-CoA reductase in the chol synth pathway
64
T or F: Bempedoic acid reduces serum LDL and TG levels
F, reduces serum LDL and total cholesterol levels
65
bempedoic acid is metabolized by ____________ and excreted via _______
glucuronidation, kidney
66
bempedoic acid inhibits _____ in renal tubules and may cause ____
OAT2, gout
67
PCSK9 is an enzyme that promotes degradation of what in where
LDL receptors in liver
68
what two drugs are PCSK9 inhibitors?
Evolocumab (repatha) and Alirocumab (praluent)
69
what is the dosing for evolocumab (repatha)
140 mg every 2 weeks 420 mg monthly
70
what is the dosing for alirocumab (praluent)
75 mcg every two weeks, 150 mcg every 2 weeks post 4-8 weeks
71
what are the adverse effects of PCSK9 inhibitors
GI upset, myalgia, increased LFTs, flu-like symptoms, injection site reactions
72
what are the monitoring parameters for PCSK9 inhibitors?
LDL-C levels, LFTs, lipid profile before initiation
73

PHRM 844 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions