Eye lecture part 1 Flashcards
what is the colored part of the eye called
iris
what does the lens do?
transmit light, focusing it on the retina
How does the pupil act?
lets light into your eye as the muscles of your iris change its shape
what is the sclera of the eye?
helps keep the shape, supporting wall
role of the retina
captures the light that enters your eye and helps translate it into the images you see
what does the iris do?
adjusts the size of the pupil to control the amount of light that enters the eye
role of the cornea
acts as a structural barrier and protects the eye against infections
what is the vitreous?
gel substance that forms eyeball
which has limited side effects between local drug delivery and systemic drug delivery?
local
what are examples of local drug delivery? (eye)
eye drops, ointments, gels
what are examples of systemic drug delivery? (eye)
injections, oral medications
what is the range of tear volume?
7-9 microliters
what is the typical volume delivered by eye drops
35-56 microliters
what is a built in defense mechanism our eyes have considering eye drops
rapid reflex blinking due to sudden increase in tear volume
what is the conjunctiva?
the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids
which of the following is the residence time of drugs in the conjunctiva?
A. 2-3 minutes
B. 6-8 minutes
C. 3-5 minutes
D. Less than a minute
C. 3-5 minutes
T or F: Blurred vision is common in eye drops more often than eye ointment
F, eye ointment is more often
T or F: it is simple to apply the exact dose of eye ointment
F, its not lol
how long should you keep your eyes closed after administering eye drops
2-3 minutes, also tip your head down apparently idk
how long should you keep your eyes closed after administering eye ointment
1-2 minutes, then wipe excess gel shit
how long should you wait after application of eye drops or ointments to put your contacts back in?
A. 5 minutes
B. 10 minutes
C. 15 minutes
D. 20 minutes
C. 15 minutes
What is the application strategy if you are applying 1 ointment and 1 drop?
Use the drop first, wait 5-10 minutes between
What is the application strategy if you are applying 2 ointments?
wait 30 minutes between them
What is the application strategy if you are applying 2 drops of the same medication?
wait 5 minutes between drops
What is the application strategy if you are applying 2 drops of different medications?
wait 5-10 minutes between drops
sig text: o
eye
sig text: a
ear
sig text: s
left
sig text: d
right
sig text: u
both
tell me what this one means.
3 gtt OD qid
apply 3 drops in the right eye four times a day
what are the 3 main types of conjuctivitis
bacterial, viral, allergic
Which conjunctivitis is this?
Presentation:
- redness, discharge
- stuck shut in morning
- typically unilateral
bacterial
T or F: Viral conjunctivitis is often self-limited
F, thats bacterial
what is required in contact wearers that experience bacterial conjunctivitis?
Antibiotic treatment
what is the preferred drug delivery in children experiencing bacterial conjunctivitis?
ointments
If a pt had bacterial conjunctivitis which of these agents would you not use?
A. Erythromycin 5 mg/g ointment
B. Olopatadine 0.1-0.7% solution
C. Moxifloxacin 0.5% solution
D. Ofloxacin 0.3% solution
E. Trimethoprim-polymyxin B 0.1%-10,000 units/mL
B. Olopatadine 0.1-0.7% solution
Which conjunctivitis is this?
Presentation:
- watery eyes
- burning, sandy, gritty feeling
- pus in morning
- other eye often involved within 24-48 hours
viral conjunctivitis
what is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus
what is the pharmacologic treatment of viral conjunctivitis?
symptomatic relief only, warm or cool compress, topical decongestant
T or F: We should refer pts to their provider if they present with viral conjunctivitis, also.. why or why not
T, we refer because there is no rule for antibiotics
Which of these agents would you not use in a pt presenting with viral conjunctivitis?
A. Trimethoprim-polymyxin B 0.1%-10,000 units/mL
B. Naphazoline 0.012-0.2% solution
C. Tetrahydrozoline 0.05% solution
A. Trimethoprim-polymyxin B 0.1%-10,000 units/mL
which conjunctivitis is this?
Presentation:
- redness, watery discharge, itching
- both eyes often involved
- eye rubbing can worsen symptoms
allergic conjunctivitis
what is the main common cause of allergic conjunctivitis?
airborne allergens
Which of the following are pharmacologic options for a pt experiencing allergic conjunctivitis?
A. Antihistamines
B. Antibiotics
C. Mast cell stabilizers
D. Multiple Acting Agents
E. Beta agonists
F. NSAIDs
A, C, D
Which of the following options would not be appropriate for a pt experiencing allergic conjunctivitis?
A. Olopatadine 0.1-0.7% solution
B. Naphazoline 0.012-0.2% solution
C. Azelastine 0.5% solution
D. Epinastine 0.05% solution
B. Naphazoline 0.012-0.2% solution
What class do the following agents belong to? What type of conjunctivitis would these be used for?
- cromolyn sodium 4% solution (crolom)
- lodoxamide 0.1% solution (alomide)
- nedocromil 2% solution (alocril)
mast cell stabilizers, allergic
What class do the following agents belong to? What type of conjunctivitis would these be used for?
- ketotifen 0.025% solution
- alcaftadine 0.025% solution
multi-acting agents, allergic
what does uveitis mean?
intraocular inflammation
what are the 3 things included in the presentation of anterior uveitis?
-pattered (wagon wheel) redness associated with iritis
- dilated pupil
- complains of discomfort or sensitivity to light
what is the treatment for anterior uveitis?
topical glucocorticoids and mydriatic/cycloplegic agents (?)
T or F: Prednisolone acetate 1% (pred forte) is an intermediate ophthalmic steroid
F, it is high af boi
What are two components of opthalmic steroid toxicity?
secondary infections, secondary open-angle glaucoma
what is IOP?
intraocular pressure (IOP)
what is the normal IOP?
A. 10-18 mmHg
B. 2-10 mmHg
C. 20-28 mmHg
D. 12-20 mmHg
D. 12-20 mmHg
name some risk factors for uveitis
primary open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, elderly, children, connective tissue disease, T1DM w/ myopia
two risk factors for macular degeneration
smoking and age
dry macular degen most common in pts >__ years old
50
T or F: gradual loss of vision is a quality in wet macular degen
F, thats dry
T or F: rapid vision loss is a quality in wet macular degen
T
what is the rx treatment of macular degen
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors
Side effects of VEGF inhibitors include (5)
increased BP, retinal detachment, increased IOP, eye infection, vitreous floaters
all rx mac degen therapies are what dosage form?
intravitreal injections
T or F: Being male is a risk factor for dry eyes
F, surprisingly
what are the 3 steps of dry eye treatment
there is a lot here but they all make sense so fuck it
what active ingredient do we avoid in tear supplementation?
benzalkonium chloride
T or F: Preservative free tear supp is often more expensive and less like to cause adverse effects
T
what two agents can you use in treatment of dry eyes to decrease inflammation
restasis or xiidra eye drops
what agent(s) can cause corneal deposits
amiodarone
what agent(s) can cause yellow vision
digoxin
what agent(s) can cause blurred vision
anticholinergic agents
what agent(s) can cause color changes (blue tint)
PDE-5 inhibitors
what agent(s) can cause inflammation/redness
bisphosphonates
what agent(s) can cause angle closure glaucoma
topiramate
what agent(s) can cause eye tics
SSRI’s
