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PHRM 844 > Eye lecture part 1 > Flashcards

Eye lecture part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the colored part of the eye called

A

iris

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2
Q

what does the lens do?

A

transmit light, focusing it on the retina

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3
Q

How does the pupil act?

A

lets light into your eye as the muscles of your iris change its shape

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4
Q

what is the sclera of the eye?

A

helps keep the shape, supporting wall

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5
Q

role of the retina

A

captures the light that enters your eye and helps translate it into the images you see

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6
Q

what does the iris do?

A

adjusts the size of the pupil to control the amount of light that enters the eye

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7
Q

role of the cornea

A

acts as a structural barrier and protects the eye against infections

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8
Q

what is the vitreous?

A

gel substance that forms eyeball

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9
Q

which has limited side effects between local drug delivery and systemic drug delivery?

A

local

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10
Q

what are examples of local drug delivery? (eye)

A

eye drops, ointments, gels

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11
Q

what are examples of systemic drug delivery? (eye)

A

injections, oral medications

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12
Q

what is the range of tear volume?

A

7-9 microliters

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13
Q

what is the typical volume delivered by eye drops

A

35-56 microliters

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14
Q

what is a built in defense mechanism our eyes have considering eye drops

A

rapid reflex blinking due to sudden increase in tear volume

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15
Q

what is the conjunctiva?

A

the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids

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16
Q

which of the following is the residence time of drugs in the conjunctiva?
A. 2-3 minutes
B. 6-8 minutes
C. 3-5 minutes
D. Less than a minute

A

C. 3-5 minutes

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17
Q

T or F: Blurred vision is common in eye drops more often than eye ointment

A

F, eye ointment is more often

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18
Q

T or F: it is simple to apply the exact dose of eye ointment

A

F, its not lol

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19
Q

how long should you keep your eyes closed after administering eye drops

A

2-3 minutes, also tip your head down apparently idk

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20
Q

how long should you keep your eyes closed after administering eye ointment

A

1-2 minutes, then wipe excess gel shit

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21
Q

how long should you wait after application of eye drops or ointments to put your contacts back in?
A. 5 minutes
B. 10 minutes
C. 15 minutes
D. 20 minutes

A

C. 15 minutes

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22
Q

What is the application strategy if you are applying 1 ointment and 1 drop?

A

Use the drop first, wait 5-10 minutes between

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23
Q

What is the application strategy if you are applying 2 ointments?

A

wait 30 minutes between them

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24
Q

What is the application strategy if you are applying 2 drops of the same medication?

A

wait 5 minutes between drops

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25
Q

What is the application strategy if you are applying 2 drops of different medications?

A

wait 5-10 minutes between drops

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26
Q

sig text: o

A

eye

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27
Q

sig text: a

A

ear

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28
Q

sig text: s

A

left

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29
Q

sig text: d

A

right

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30
Q

sig text: u

A

both

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31
Q

tell me what this one means.
3 gtt OD qid

A

apply 3 drops in the right eye four times a day

32
Q

what are the 3 main types of conjuctivitis

A

bacterial, viral, allergic

33
Q

Which conjunctivitis is this?
Presentation:
- redness, discharge
- stuck shut in morning
- typically unilateral

A

bacterial

34
Q

T or F: Viral conjunctivitis is often self-limited

A

F, thats bacterial

35
Q

what is required in contact wearers that experience bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Antibiotic treatment

36
Q

what is the preferred drug delivery in children experiencing bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

ointments

37
Q

If a pt had bacterial conjunctivitis which of these agents would you not use?
A. Erythromycin 5 mg/g ointment
B. Olopatadine 0.1-0.7% solution
C. Moxifloxacin 0.5% solution
D. Ofloxacin 0.3% solution
E. Trimethoprim-polymyxin B 0.1%-10,000 units/mL

A

B. Olopatadine 0.1-0.7% solution

38
Q

Which conjunctivitis is this?
Presentation:
- watery eyes
- burning, sandy, gritty feeling
- pus in morning
- other eye often involved within 24-48 hours

A

viral conjunctivitis

39
Q

what is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

40
Q

what is the pharmacologic treatment of viral conjunctivitis?

A

symptomatic relief only, warm or cool compress, topical decongestant

41
Q

T or F: We should refer pts to their provider if they present with viral conjunctivitis, also.. why or why not

A

T, we refer because there is no rule for antibiotics

42
Q

Which of these agents would you not use in a pt presenting with viral conjunctivitis?
A. Trimethoprim-polymyxin B 0.1%-10,000 units/mL
B. Naphazoline 0.012-0.2% solution
C. Tetrahydrozoline 0.05% solution

A

A. Trimethoprim-polymyxin B 0.1%-10,000 units/mL

43
Q

which conjunctivitis is this?
Presentation:
- redness, watery discharge, itching
- both eyes often involved
- eye rubbing can worsen symptoms

A

allergic conjunctivitis

44
Q

what is the main common cause of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

airborne allergens

45
Q

Which of the following are pharmacologic options for a pt experiencing allergic conjunctivitis?
A. Antihistamines
B. Antibiotics
C. Mast cell stabilizers
D. Multiple Acting Agents
E. Beta agonists
F. NSAIDs

A

A, C, D

46
Q

Which of the following options would not be appropriate for a pt experiencing allergic conjunctivitis?
A. Olopatadine 0.1-0.7% solution
B. Naphazoline 0.012-0.2% solution
C. Azelastine 0.5% solution
D. Epinastine 0.05% solution

A

B. Naphazoline 0.012-0.2% solution

47
Q

What class do the following agents belong to? What type of conjunctivitis would these be used for?
- cromolyn sodium 4% solution (crolom)
- lodoxamide 0.1% solution (alomide)
- nedocromil 2% solution (alocril)

A

mast cell stabilizers, allergic

48
Q

What class do the following agents belong to? What type of conjunctivitis would these be used for?
- ketotifen 0.025% solution
- alcaftadine 0.025% solution

A

multi-acting agents, allergic

49
Q

what does uveitis mean?

A

intraocular inflammation

50
Q

what are the 3 things included in the presentation of anterior uveitis?

A

-pattered (wagon wheel) redness associated with iritis
- dilated pupil
- complains of discomfort or sensitivity to light

51
Q

what is the treatment for anterior uveitis?

A

topical glucocorticoids and mydriatic/cycloplegic agents (?)

52
Q

T or F: Prednisolone acetate 1% (pred forte) is an intermediate ophthalmic steroid

A

F, it is high af boi

53
Q

What are two components of opthalmic steroid toxicity?

A

secondary infections, secondary open-angle glaucoma

54
Q

what is IOP?

A

intraocular pressure (IOP)

55
Q

what is the normal IOP?
A. 10-18 mmHg
B. 2-10 mmHg
C. 20-28 mmHg
D. 12-20 mmHg

A

D. 12-20 mmHg

56
Q

name some risk factors for uveitis

A

primary open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, elderly, children, connective tissue disease, T1DM w/ myopia

57
Q

two risk factors for macular degeneration

A

smoking and age

58
Q

dry macular degen most common in pts >__ years old

A

50

59
Q

T or F: gradual loss of vision is a quality in wet macular degen

A

F, thats dry

60
Q

T or F: rapid vision loss is a quality in wet macular degen

A

T

61
Q

what is the rx treatment of macular degen

A

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors

62
Q

Side effects of VEGF inhibitors include (5)

A

increased BP, retinal detachment, increased IOP, eye infection, vitreous floaters

63
Q

all rx mac degen therapies are what dosage form?

A

intravitreal injections

64
Q

T or F: Being male is a risk factor for dry eyes

A

F, surprisingly

65
Q

what are the 3 steps of dry eye treatment

A

there is a lot here but they all make sense so fuck it

66
Q

what active ingredient do we avoid in tear supplementation?

A

benzalkonium chloride

67
Q

T or F: Preservative free tear supp is often more expensive and less like to cause adverse effects

A

T

68
Q

what two agents can you use in treatment of dry eyes to decrease inflammation

A

restasis or xiidra eye drops

69
Q

what agent(s) can cause corneal deposits

A

amiodarone

70
Q

what agent(s) can cause yellow vision

A

digoxin

71
Q

what agent(s) can cause blurred vision

A

anticholinergic agents

72
Q

what agent(s) can cause color changes (blue tint)

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

73
Q

what agent(s) can cause inflammation/redness

A

bisphosphonates

74
Q

what agent(s) can cause angle closure glaucoma

A

topiramate

75
Q

what agent(s) can cause eye tics

A

SSRI’s

PHRM 844 (12 decks)

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