Glassary Definitions Flashcards
What is Amphibole
An important rock-forming mineral group of ferromagnesian silicates. Amphiboles crystals are constructed from double chains of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra. E.g hornblende
Define abbysal
Pertaining to the great depth of the oceans, generally 1000 fathoms (2000m) or more below sea level
Angular unconformity
An unconformity in which the older strata dip at a different angle(generally steeper) than younger strata
Define Bed
A layer of sediment 1cm or more in thickness
Define Bedding plane
A surface separating layers of sediment
Define Bedrock
The continuous solid rock that underlies regolith everywhere and is exposed locally at the surface. An exposure of bedrock is called an outcrop
What is Biotite
“Black mica”. An important rock-forming ferromagnesian silicate with silicon-oxygen tetrahedra arranged in sheets
What is a braided stream
A stream with a complex of converging and diverging channels separated by bars or islands. Braided streams form where more sediment is available than can be removed by the discharge of the stream.
What is a breccia
A general term for a sediment consisting of angular fragments in a matrix of finer particles. Examples, sedimentary breccias, volcanic breccias, fault breccias, impact breccias
What is Carbonaceous
Something like a mineral that contains Carbon
What is a carbonate mineral
A mineral formed by bonding of carbonate minerals (…) with positive ions. Examples Calcite and Dolomite
Define Cement
Minerals precipices from ground water in pore spaces of a sedimentary rock and binding the rocks particles together
What is a ‘Clastic Texture’
The texture of a sedimentary rock consisting of fragmental particles of minerals, rocks, and organic skeletal remains
Define Cleavage
The tendency of Mineral to break in preferred directions along smooth planes
Continental Margin
The zone of transition from a continental margin to the adjacent ocean basin. It generally include continental shelf, continental slope and continental rise
