gladstone's and disraeli's reforms Flashcards
who’s reform and what was :
The Disestablishment of the Church of Ireland 1869
Gladstone’s
got rid of 10% tithe that had to be paid to anglican church, because 90% of the Irish population were Catholic and didn’t attend the Anglican Church
who’s reform and what was :
The Irish Land Act 1870
Gladstone’s
Gave tenants the right to compensation for improvements made to their land if they’re evicted, and stated that a tenant farmer couldn’t be evicted if they were up to date with their rent payments.
who’s reform and what was :
The Irish Universities Bill
Gladstone’s
Attempt to provide a Catholic University where religion, philosophy and modern history wouldn’t be taught.
who’s reform and what was :
Forster’s Education Act 1870
Gladstone’s
Made provision for elementary schools to be set up across the country, and for board school to be set up , where church schools weren’t
who’s reform and what was :
The Cower-Temple Clause
Gladstone’s
Parents were allowed to withdraw their children from religious teaching
who’s reform and what was :
The Abolition of the Purchase of Commissions
Gladstone’s
promotions in the army done based off merit not class
who’s reform and what was :
The Withdrawal of British troops from self-governing colonies
Gladstone’s
British troops withdrawn from
Canada
New Zealand
Australia
who’s reform and what was :
Civil Service Reform 1870
Gladstone’s
Made entry exam to get into Civil Service - not based on class
who’s reform and what was : The Trade Union Act 1871
Gladstone’s
gave legal recognition to trade unions
who’s reform and what was :
The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871
Gladstone’s
Banned trade unions from striking
who’s reform and what was :
The Licensing Act 1872
Gladstone’s
Gave magistrates power to issue licenses to publicans to fix opening and closing times and to prevent publicans from tampering with beer(watering down)
successes and problems with:
The Disestablishment on the Church of Ireland 1869
problems: many of the irish saw it as too little too late
conservatives disliked the disestablishment of the church as they worried it threatened the Anglican Church of England
successes: achieved liberal aim of separating church from state.
catholics welcomed the act
successes and problems with:
The Irish Land Act 1870
problems:
fell a long way short of the 3F’s (Fixed tenure, fair rents and free sale)
landlords could still evict tenants by raising rent prices
seen as anti-property and anti-landlord
successes: tenants had right to compensation
less likely to be evicted
successes and problems with:
The Irish Universities Bill
problems:
non-conformists objected to state endowment of a Catholic education
catholics objected to miseducation
Catholic archbishop denounced proposals
Liberals disliked “gagging” causes against certain subjects
12 out of 105 MPs voted for it.
successes and problems with:
Forsters education act 1870
problems: Board school funded by state- taxpayers money
middle class non-conformists didn’t want to fund Anglican religious teaching
successes: more children had access to education
successes and problems with:
the Cower Temple clause
problems: less children in education
still paying for board schools
successes: children could be withdrawn
successes and problems with:
The Abolition of the Purchase of commissions
problems: had little impact on lives at the time
privileged saw it as an attack
successes: more opportunities for the poor
successes and problems with:
The withdrawal of troops from self-governing colonies
problems: gladstone looked anti-imperialist
fear it would lead to an attack on colonies
successes: more efficient
self determination for colonies
successes and problems with:
Civil Service Reform 1870
problems: seen as an attack on the fundamental belief of society
lower classes weren’t educated enough to pass test-ineffective
successes: less based on wealth and connections
candidates with good intellect ability would improve professionalism at minimal cost to the government
won approval of middle class liberals
opened up society
successes and problems with:
the Trade Union Act 1871
problems: could harm economy
middle class didn’t like
successes: working class allowed to fight for better rights
gave working class political voice
successes and problems with:
The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871
problems:
removed workers political voice
upset workers
successes: reduced violence
gave protection to those who didn’t want to strike
pleased middle class
successes and problems with:
The licensing act 1872
problems: Some temperance groups such as the United Kingdom Alliance and Band of Hope Union didn’t feel the act went far enough-wanted a complete ban on alcohol
workers outraged by closing times because private clubs for the wealthy remained open.
liberals didn’t like brewery interest as it impacted negatively on their trade
successes: attempt to imporve moral fibre
Temperance groups somewhat pleased
who’s reform and what was :
The Factory Act 1874
Disraeli’s
reduced working day from 10.5 hours to 10 hours
who’s reform and what was :
The Artisans Dwelling Act 1875
Enabled local authorities to impose compulsory purchase of slums and oversee their replacement with housing, financed by government loans and low interest
who’s reform and what was :
The Public Health Act 1875
Disraeli’s
Gave local authorities clear guidence on responsibilities and made duties compulsory
who’s reform and what was :
The Sale Of Food and Drugs Act 1875
Disraeli’s
laid down regulation about the adulteration of food
who’s reform and what was :
The Rivers Pollution Act 1875
Disraeli’s
dumping pollution in rivers banned
who’s reform and what was :
The Employers and Workmen Act
Disraeli’s
recognised employer and employee could be in breach of contract = boosted position of the worker = less exploitation
who’s reform and what was :
The Merchants Shipping Act 1876
Disraeli’s
protected merchant sailors by preventing overloading ships which threatened lives of sailors
who’s reform and what was :
Sandon’s Education Act 1876
Disraeli’s
encouraged school attendance and reminded parents of responsibilities
school leaving certificate - couldn’t get job if you didn’t have
who’s reform and what was :
Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act
Disraeli’s
reversed Gladstone’s criminal law amendment act
gave right to strike
undid picketing
limitations of the factory act 1874
not many inspectorates introduced
only reduced by 30 mins even though they were supporting 9 hour campaign
limitations of artisans dwelling act 1875
loads of restrictions and expensive to implement
act was optional/permissive
only 10/87 towns took part
limitations of the public health act 1875
nothing new introduced implies that disraeli doesn’t care about people
limitations of the sale of food and drugs act 1875
local authorities didn’t appoint food analysts - food wasn’t checked
limitations of river pollution act 1875
pollution wasn’t defined- factory owners continued to dump their waste in rivers - nothing changes
limitations of the employers and workmen act
copied a liberal act- not a new idea
limitations of the merchant shipping act
only passed because samuel plimsoll ‘shook withe rage’ in house of commons
Disraeli didn’t care
optional legislation
limitations of the sandon’s education act
wasn’t made compulsory
main motive was only to finance church of england schools for anglican church
who’s reform and what was :
mundella’s education act 1880
gladstone’s
made education complusory for 5-10 year olds
number of children recieving an education doubled from 1.5mil to 3mil in 1870-1880
who’s reform and what was :
the third reform act
gladstone’s
extended vote to counties
seats redistributed
constituencies more equal in size
who’s reform and what was :
the irish land act 1881
granted 3Fs to tenant famers in Ireland, helped bring land war to an end
weaknesses with mundellas education act 1880
education still not free- fee of 3d a week
girls education still not a priority
rich schools still public
weaknesses with the third reform act 1884
many members of the working class were still excluded due to the 12 month residency qualification
weaknesses with the irish land act 1881
seen as 10 years too late
irish now wanted nationalisation of the land
