Glaciation

Question 1

Glacier

Answer 1

A large body of snow and ice that moves downhill under its own weight.

Question 2

Ice sheets

Answer 2

A large mass of glacial land ice that covers more than 50,000 kilometres squared

Question 3

Ice cap

Answer 3

Large mass of glacial land ice that covers less than 50,000 kilometres squared. Usually found in mountainous areas.

Question 4

Valley glaciers

Answer 4

A slow moving ice river confined between valley walls.

Question 5

Corrie Glaciers

Answer 5

Small glacier high up in a sheltered mountainside

Question 6

Snow patches

Answer 6

Small area of snow and ice. Usually found in north facing mountain slopes

Question 7

How are glaciers formed?

Answer 7

Snowflakes fall (10% ice 90% air)
The weight of the upper layers compress
The air in the snow is removed so it becomes harder and more dense.
Snowflakes-granular snow-firn (40% ice 60% air)-glacial ice(90% ice 10% glacier ice.

Question 8

Accumulation = ablation

Answer 8

Glacier in state of balance/equilibrium

Question 9

Accumulation more than ablation

Answer 9

Grow and advance

Question 10

More ablation than accumulation

Answer 10

Shrink/ retreating glacier

Question 11

Calving

Answer 11

When icebergs fall of the glaciers’ at its snout

Question 12

Antarctica is an….

Answer 12

Ice sheet which keeps 85% of the world’s ice

Question 13

The youngest glacier in the world is in…..

Answer 13

North America

Question 14

The Andes are…..

Answer 14

Melting too quickly

Question 15

Glaciers in the Himalayas provide….

Answer 15

A huge number of people drinking water

Question 16

In Europe we can find glaciers in….

Answer 16

The Alps and in Iceland

Question 17

In Africa we find glaciers in …..

Answer 17

Mount Kilimanjaro (Kenya)

Question 18

The Greenland ice sheet is …..

Answer 18

10% of the ice in the world

Greenland+Antartica= 95% of the ice in the world

Question 19

Natural causes of glacial retreat and advance

Answer 19

Sunspot activity: areas of uneven temperatures in the sun surface.
Volcanic activity: releases an ash cloud so some rays can’t pass.
Orbital Changes: the earth’s orbit changes towards and away the sun.
Tectonic plates: set off a complete series of events that change the earth’s climate.

Question 20

What is an ice age?

Answer 20

Period of the earth’s history when conditions are much colder, deep ice covers much more of the earth’s surface and sea levels are lower.

Question 21

How do ice cores help us to look at the past?

Answer 21

Long tubes are extracted and the bubbles of ancient air are analysed to show what levels of gas where present in the past.

Question 22

What has ice cores told us?

Answer 22

That the concentrations of CO2 in the air has been rising slowly.

Question 23

Hazard

Answer 23

Aspect or an event in physical geography which hinders us or causes us problems. Eg. Avalanches

Question 24

Resource

Answer 24

Aspect or event in physical geography that helps us. Eg. Glacial tourism

Question 25

How do people living with glaciers adapt their homes?

Answer 25

Steep roofs so snow falls down
Triple glaze Windows to keep them warm
Build their houses in stilts to keep away from the frozen ground.

Question 26

How do people living with glaciers adapt their clothing?

Answer 26

They use materials very efficient so at keeping the cold out.

Question 27

How do people living with glaciers get food?

Answer 27

They use hunting and fishing a lot as they can’t farm the land

Question 28

How do people living with glaciers adapt their industry?

Answer 28

Using the glaciers as a resource. Eg. Tourism, fishing, skiing etc.

Question 29

Name two types of glacial erosion and explain

Answer 29

Plucking: rocks and stones freeze and stick to the bottom of the glacier and when the glacier melts a little bit, the stones are deposited.
Abrasion: the stones freeze and stick to the bottom of the glacier which then are scraped along the land which slowly wears it away.

Question 30

Name the main landforms of glacial erosion and explain

Answer 30

U shaped valleys: glaciers shape the valleys as they advance and leave a straight side and flat bottom valley.
Aretes: thin, knife edges of rock found at the sides of a corrie.
Corries/cirques: spaces between two aretes with a steep back and a deep basin below.
Pyramidal peaks: sharp pointed mountain peaks with three or more aretes and corries.
Rouches moutonnees: resistant rocks at the bottom of a u shaped valley that the glacier couldn’t erode.